on a daily or hourly basis so that there will be current and 
common data residing in the appropriate database locations. 
3.2 The Cadastre System 
The Cadastre system consists of 6 main components focused on 
the performance of daily tasks within the cadastre offices at 
both the local Judets and the NOCGC. These components 
address the following tasks: 
l. Licensing, monitoring and project tracking of all 
licensed surveyors; 
2. Querying and reporting system of all cadastre data; 
  
  
    
    
   
  
ETAT 
To achieve the above mentioned flexibility, an N-Tier design 
approach to both the Cadastre and Land Book application 
development efforts has been taken. This approach has been 
selected so as to insure that the application will be easily 
expanded and will be scalable as is required. There will be four 
(4) tiers in our design: the first tier is the User Interface or the 
screens that the user will see; the second tier is the Business 
Tier where the classes and methods that will be used to retrieve 
information from the database will be defined; the third tier is 
the SQL Wrapper that is used to “call” different database 
engines using stored procedures; the forth and final tier is the 
Direct Access to the database via stored procedures. It should 
End Users Screens, Web Screens 
This is where the "brains" of the applications 
reside: business rules, data manipulation, etc. 
Using stored procedures to access different 
database engines 
Query, storage optimization performance 
(indexing, etc.) 
Figure 3. N-Tier Model 
3. Input and update of all control point network data 
(including geographic locations, photographs and 
descriptions); 
4. Project management for systematic and sporadic 
cadastre registrations; 
5. Data migration from external sources to the official 
database; 
6. Input and update of all parcel/cadastre map data 
including both graphics and attributes; 
7. Maintenance of the user profiles and access grants; 
8. Internet access by the public to cadastre data as 
permitted by law; and 
9. Internet access by licensed surveyors to project 
related data/maps 
These components or subsystems were created using Visual 
Basic.NET, ESRI’s ArcGIS (MapObjects, ArcGIS, ArcSDE, 
ArcIMS), and Oracle 9i relational database software. The 
system was developed utilizing N-Tier technology, with the 
core system the first component developed, followed by the 
organization of the archives and data history, development of 
the web-based components, validation rules, and replication 
strategies. 
As stated previously, it is the goal of this application 
development project to create more than just programming code 
that serves a specific function. A flexible and scalable 
application for distribution and utilization across any number of 
interfaces was determined to be the best approach for this effort 
so as to successfully address the current needs and potential 
future changes of the user community. 
250 
be noted that nothing will be accessed to the database except 
through stored procedures. Figure 3 shows the N-Tier Model 
that was used for this project: 
This approach is significant, as it provides an efficient 
management toolkit for the system. Changes, upgrades, etc. of 
one tier can be made independently of other tiers. This 
facilitates the development of a fully unified single application 
for NOCGC and Mol, with the specific and unique 
requirements of each group incorporated into a comprehensive 
solution. 
3.3 Application Functionality 
As mentioned previously, the Cadastre solution consists of 6 
major subsystems: 
1. Cadastre Authorization System (CAS) — for the 
tracking of licensed surveyors and their projects 
2. Control Point Network System (CNS) — for the 
locating and maintaining of the numerous control 
points/networks in the country 
National Cadastre System (NCS) — for the 
analysis and reporting requirements of the 
cadastre offices 
4. Cadastral Project Evaluation and Registration 
System (CPERS) — for the input and tracking of 
parcel registration projects 
5. Data Migration (DM) — for the importing of 
external data sources into the mapping graphics 
(GIS) and relational database 
6. Access Control System (ACS) — for the 
management of the user access control. 
Figure 4 illustrates the overall functionality and interoperability 
of the Romanian application: 
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