The document named “Subsidios Técnicos
para a Elaboragáo da Relatório Nacional do
Brasil"prepared to the Rio United Nations Conference
On Environment And Developing - UNCED 92 did
not discuss the cartographic activities to the Amazon.
It is impossible to study some place without up-date
maps. The geographic space needs definition from
cartographic technics for having its limit established
and guarantee the national sovereignty.
On discussing the sovereignty concept and
the national interesting the Minister of the Military
Supreme Court Lieutenant Brigadier Sérgio Xavier
FEROLLA (1994) told us at the National War College
- Escola Superior de Guerra - ESG: “The Brazilian
Constitutions ordains as the state principles of
sovereignty and the national autodetermination. The
nationality and citizenship do not exist out of its
principles. These principles pride strategies to the
Nation - State understood as a historical category and
politic institution, economic and social.
However, the national sovereignty principle
accompanying the historical evolution. It is not
limited to the geographical question, to the territorial
limits only, as it was in the past; they have been
produced by frontier policies, military or diplomatic
staff.
Nowadays, it is certain that sovereignty
involves scientific socialeconomic vision, technology,
politic and culture that has starting point to the
national interest and as goal the permanet
consolitation of the Country, it historical continuation
and progress for the national economic system
particularly in the developying nations, that had been
considered viable by the geographic exuberance and
by the potential of sustainable growth, as the case of
Brazil”.
The Minister Ferolla former commander of
ESG that has been produced the Brazilian Doctrine
during last 46 years founded in 1949 to train upper-
level officers and sellected civilians to perform
executive doctrines and advisory functions in the
Brazilian State, introduced to us the Fifth National
Power Expression - the Science and Technology. The
other is Social, Military, Economic and Psychosocial.
This author studied at ESG, in 1994, indicated by the
Rector of the Federal Fluminense University - UFF,
the Professor José Raymundo Martins Roméo.
Nowadays the commander of ESG is the General of
Army Expedito Hermes Rego Miranda.
Considering the tropical area and its
continental dimensions of the Amazon that represents '
a significant challenge to the Brazilian Air Force in its
cartographic and remote sensing activities. The FAB
will create the Brazilian Monitoring System where the
cartographic and remote sensing products will be:
- MSS - detailed thematic mapping fixed to the EMB -
145 Brazilian airplane
- SAR - fixed to the EMB - 145 Brazilian airplane -
Cartographic up-date;
New maps;
Digital elevation models - DEM’s;
Radar image - maps.
The SAR characteristics are:
- high spatial resolution;
- positioning error 100 m;
- mapping producing in the scales: 1:25.000, 1:50.000,
1:100.000, 1:250.000, 1:500.000 and 1:1.000.000.
The SAR is able to operate night and day in
two bands: X for cartography and L to the biomass
available.
The SAR parameters are:
- spatial resolution - 3,6 and 18 meters;
- scanner range - 10/20, 20/40 and 20/120 km;
- operation altitude - 6 000 m;
- X band (3,0 cm) - interpherometric capacity;
- L band ( 25,0 cm) - multipolarization capacity.
The SAR applications are:
- for X band - digital elevation models - DEM"s,
mapping, vigilance, civilian defense support;
- for L band - biomass available, land use, geology
survey and swampy areas determination
The Radar imagery are:
- Air/air mode:
. scanner - 360°;Reach - 70 km, DP=90%, Radar Cross
Section = 2,0 m;
Variable beam in elevation;
scanner angular speed - 18°/seg
.moving target indicator;
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 7, Budapest, 1998
