THE ESTIMATION OF ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF NATURAL WATER SYSTEMS WITH USE
OF SYSTEM APPROACH
À. D. Fedorovsky, K. Yu. Suhanov and V. G. Yakimchuk,
Centre of Aerospace Research of the Earth, Kiev, Ukraine
The overgrowned part of shallow sites reservoir concerns to
number important informative of zones water ecotones. To
number the last transitive zones of water weights - sites of
mixture and border of contacts of waters of a various origin and
quality concern. Such zones, for example, can be: a coastal zone
on a border of section Geper-reservoir, mouth of the rivers (river
- reservoir, river - sea ), sites of mixture of water weights of the
various rivers. Ecotones zones, on the one hand, carry to number
of the most dangerous sites from the point of view of a
opportunity of deterioration ecological and sanitary-
epidemiologically situation in a region of their presence. On the
other hand, these zones are the most informative sites, the
control at a condition of which permits not only to evaluate a
ecological situation, but also to predict its development. The
most complex ecotones arise on a border of section of two-
environments at formation powerful overgrowth water plants. A
water vegetable landscape complex ( WVLC ) is understood the
by particular site of water object, on which mix of several
associations, absolutely independent from each other and
possessing by a various vegetable structure and structure grows.
It is known, that the type WVLC with a sufficient degree
reliability determines gidrochemical and qualitative structure of
water environment, as well as many characteristics grounds
( Bukata at all, 1981, Papastergiadou, Babalonas, 1993 ).
The gravity of role WVLC in formation and diagnostics of
quality of a water requires realization of the systematic control at
their development, By features horizontal and vertical ( in thicker
waters ) distribution on aquatory, qualitative and quantitative
changes of their structure ( kind structure, efficiency ) under
influence natural and antrapogenic of the factors.
In this connection the significant interest presents use space
images of water objects, which permit operatively to receive the
information on changes kind and space distribution water
vegetation on the large areas aquatory. Space images, first,,
provide a opportunity of study of features of places inhabit of
vegetable communities: character coastal line, type shallow,
availability reservoirs and etc. Secondly, permit to allocate on
image and to calculate the area of vegetable sites with vegetable
associations.Besides space images, received in various spectral
ranges, execute a role of the real cartographical basis, which
provides exctrapolation of the items of information, received as a
result of ground and sputnik supervision.
Because the process of classification of sites vegetation is rather
labour-consuming, technique and program automatic revealing of
allocated sites reservoir with vegetable associations to particular
WVLC was developed. A tool of algorithm are mathematical
methods of careless logic. The latter is connected that in natural
conditions exists significant quantity of combinations kind
Structure vegetation, which under influence of the external
factors continuously change configuration, a structure and cause
smooth and continuous transition of one type WVLC in other,
appropriate to new conditions.
The specified circumstances and require application of such
express train - method, which at classification of researched sites
would permit to take into account not only smooth and
continuous transition of one type WVLC in other, but also to
conduct bioindication of changes of environment.
At the conventional approach to classification of vegetable sites,
binary decision, for example, m=1 - in case of a fitting of a site
to particular WVLC or m=0 - fittingess is accepted. The theory
of careless sets replaces a strict fitting of a researched site to any
WVLC with continuous function of a fitting to each WVLC. Just
application of representations of careless logic permits to analyze
and to use in subsequent procedures of processing of the
information real parity(ratio) of a degree of a fitting of that or
other site to various WVLC. In this case "rigid" fitting of any
researched site to determined type WVLC is replaced "careless"
by the relation of a conditional fitting. This condition is
characterized by function of a fitting ( mi ), which shows in
which degree a this or that site belongs i-th WVLC. Thus, each
site of a researched region can belong at once several WVLC,
that gives a number of significances mi, located on a section
from 0 up to 1. The decision on a fitting to particular WVLC is
accepted on maximum significance of function of a fitting. In
algorithm developed we of the program VRLK incorporate the
apriory information about accepted in gidrobiology of
classification water vegetable landscape complexes on a structure
included in WVLC of associations water plants, as well as
information on conformity of a number ingridients of the
gidrochemical characteristics of water environment to types
water vegetable landscape complexes.
For realization of a method mathematical models of various
types WVLC are used. The principle of construction the last is
based on The principle of construction the last is based on use of
experience expert on study of distribution of associations on
areas in various WVLC for particular water ecosystems. In a
structure WVLC a Brown-Blanquet scale for the description of
making associations is accepted. Thus first dominant
corresponds 4-th numbers on a scale the Brown-Blanquet. As
mathematical models WVLC equations, made for various
quantity of dominant associations were used. In case of two-
dominant complexes the condition of a fitting of a site to one of
WVLC can be presented in a kind of careless expression: " IF the
area of association Sil about 4 numbers AND Si2 about 3
numbers OR Sil about 4 numbers AND Si2 about 2 numbers
OR Sil about 3 numbers And Si2 about 3 numbers OR Sil
about 3 numbers And Si2 about 2 numbers, a factor of a fitting
of a site to i-th two-dominant WVLC is equal m2 i. On first a
stage of development of a technique interactive data input is
used. Space images are decoded expert with application of the
auxiliary programs (allocation of sites, measurement of the areas,
occupied by associations and other ).
On the basis of the analysis space images researched aquatory
with the account gidrologically conditions is divided on some
706 International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 7, Budapest, 1998
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