Full text: Resource and environmental monitoring

MULTISENSORAL AND MULTITEMPORAL REMOTE SENSING OF ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE CAUSED 
BY OPEN-CAST LIGNITE MINING IN CENTRAL GERMANY 
Jens Birger’, Cornelia Glaesser!, Bernd Herrmann! and Sabine Tischew? 
!Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Geography, Remote Sensing Group 
?Eachhochschule Anhalt Bernburg-Dessau-Kóthen, College of Technology, Business and Design 
Commission V, Working Group 2 
KEY WORDS: Lignite mining, airborne scanner, spectral measurements, image classification 
ABSTRACT: 
Mining areas are generally marked by intensive and widespread environmental impacts. Lignite has been mined in Cen- 
tral Germany for more than 300 years and for the past 60 years it has been extracted by overburden conveyor bridges. 
This technology has greatly affected the whole landscape - all components of the geosphere within an area of approxi- 
mately 500 km? have been completely and eternally destroyed. For both — the active as well as the abandoned mines, 
there is an urgent need for precise spatial information on the different biotic and abiotic parameters to assess the eco- 
logical state, to supervise the reclamation activities and for the long term monitoring of this highly dynamic area. 
The paper presents the successful classification of specific mine sediments and vegetation types with a multidimensional 
approach using airborne (CASI) and satellite (Landsat-TM, IRS-1C) scanner data. Spectral remission measurements in 
the range from 400 to 2,500 nm are preconditions to characterise Tertiary and Quaternary sediments as well as its linear 
and non-linear spectral mixing with a different content of lignite. The specification of the spectral bands of the CASI 
was done on the basis of the measured vegetation spectra. 
For the first time spatial exact results on vegetation and sediment classes in this region could be made with the help of 
statistically reliable results of classification of CASI and Landsat-TM data. The results prove the high potential of vari- 
ous remote sensing data as a time- and cost-effective tool for the observation of ecological impacts as well as an imple- 
ment within the whole process of spatial and ecological planning in this extremely damaged region. 
KURZFASSUNG: 
Bergbaugebiete sind generell durch intensive und weitverbreitete Umweltbeeinflussungen (Umweltscháden) gekenn- 
zeichnet. In Mitteldeutschland wird die Braunkohle seit mehr als 300 Jahren abgebaut, in den letzten 60 Jahren in Tage- 
bauen mit Fórderkippen. Diese Technologie verursacht immense Umweltschäden. Alle Kompartimente der Landschaft 
wurden in einem Gebiet von ca. 500 km“ vollständig und dauerhaft zerstort. Sowohl für die aktiven, als auch für die 
stillgelegten Tagebaue besteht ein sehr hoher Bedarf an räumlich exakten Informationen über die biotischen und abioti- 
schen Parameter zur Bewertung des ôkologischen Zustandes, zur Kontrolle und Überwachung der Sanierungs- und Re- 
kultivierungsarbeiten und für das Langzeitmonitoring dieses hochdynamischen Gebietes. 
Der Aufsatz zeigt die erfolgreiche Klassifikation spezifischer Sedimente und Vegetationstypen der Tagebaue in einem 
multidimensionalen Ansatz unter Verwendung von Flugzeugdaten (CASI) und Satellitendaten (Landsat-TM, IRS-1C). 
Spektrale Remissionsmessungen im Bereich von 400 - 2.500 nm sind notwendige Voraussetzung zur Charakteristik der 
tertiären und quartären Sedimente sowie deren linearer und nichtlinearer Mischungen mit unterschiedlichem Kohlean- 
teil. Die Spezifizierung der Spektralbereiche des spectral mode des CASI erfolgte aufgrund der gemessenen Vegetati- 
onsspektren. 
Mit den Klassifizierungsergebnissen der CASI- und Landsat-TM-Daten werden für diese Gebiete erstmals räumlich 
exakte Aussagen über Vegetations- und Bodenklassen getroffen. Die Resultate belegen das hohe Potential der Ferner- 
kundungsdaten als ein zeit- und kosteneffizientes Handwerkszeug zur Beobachtung der Umwelteinflüsse sowie als In- 
strumentarium im gesamtem ProzeB der Raum- und Umweltplanung dieser hochgradig geschädigten Region. 
Germany). Mining activities has been resulted in a total 
displacement of all geocomponents of the landscape and 
1. INTRODUCTION 
  
The former GDR was one of the world-leading producer 
of lignite in open-cast mines. The Tertiary lignite was the 
main energy source and they formed the basis for the 
carbochemistry. Due to the autarkic endeavours of the 
former GDR the lignite was extracted colossal and totally 
harmful to the environment (in 1989 around one third of 
the annual production of 330 Mio t was mined in Central 
other landscape user in this region, such as agriculture, 
settlements, water supply service and so on. The applied 
technology of overburden conveyor bridges has led to 
extreme, profound and irreversible changes of the envi- 
ronment. The consequence of this exploitation has been a 
completely new system the — "mining successive land- 
scapes". 
70 Intemational Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXII, Part 7, Budapest, 1998 
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