In order to evaluate the accuracy, the sheet reflector was 
fitted on the car, and the X,Y coordinates at 9 points 
illustrated in Figure 7 were measured using total station. 
Figure 8 shows the X,Y errors for the area gravity. 2-3cm 
errors can be found due to the height difference between 
the area gravity and the sheet reflector fitted on the car 
for the measurement using total station. 
Considering the above, it is concluded that the application 
of the video theodolite system for a moving object is a 
useful method. 
  
| X (cm) 
2 
  
  
  
  
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 (Point) 
  
  
(a) X errors of the ground coordinate 
  
Y (cm) 
2 - 
  
  
  
  
  
  
2 
| 
| 
| 
| 
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 (Point) 
  
(b) Y errors of the ground coordinate 
Figure 8 X,Y errors 
5. CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK 
Auto-tracking and positioning procedures for a moving 
object using the motorized video theodolite system has 
been demonstrated. 
Although, necessity of increased speed for tracking and 
image processing procedure under natural conditions are 
issues which should be resolved. Considering the 
construction machine such as bulldozer moving around 
slowly, itis concluded that the motorized video theodolite 
system is a useful tool in construction site and may 
become a useful tool in various real-time photogrammetric 
fields since the rotation parameters and sequential images 
can be acquired in real-time while tracking a moving 
object. 
References 
Bayer, G., Krzystek, P. and Mohlenbrink. W., 1988. 
Realtime positioning of Moving Objects by Dynamic Target 
Tracking. International Archives of Photogrammetry and 
Remote Sensing, Vol.XXVII, PartB5, pp.32-43. 
Huang, Y.D. and Harley. |., 1989. A New camera 
calibration method needing no control field. Optical-3D 
Measurement Techniques, pp.49-56. 
Heck, U., 1993. 3D-motion of an object determined by an 
image sequence of a video theodolite. Optical 3-D 
Measurement Techniques ll, pp.538-545. 
Chikatsu, H. and Murai. S., 1994. Utilization of a Video 
Theodolite System for Dynamic Analysis of Human Motion. 
Journal of the Japan Society of Photogrammetry and 
Remote Sensing, Vol.33, No.3, pp.77-80. 
Chikatsu, H. and et.al., 1996. Dynamic Analysis of Human 
Motion using Sequential Images of Video Theodolite. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote 
Sensing, Vol.XXXI, PartB5, pp.82-87. 
Chikatsu. H., Nakano. K. and Murai. S., 1997. 
On Automated Distance Measurement of Ski Jump using 
a Video Theodolite. Optical 3-D Measurement Techniques 
VI, pp.383-390. 
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