X manner. However, a 
that this area is also 
ion at the centerline of 
2d that the areas of 
ted by eddy currents, 
the flow phenomena 
will play a critical role 
1e complicated factors 
eight changes 
  
  
4. Conclusion 
From the standpoint of measuring moving bodies, the 
effectiveness of measuring the flood phenomena unique 
to Japanese rivers using digital photography was 
confirmed. 
1) Riverbed topography and water surface, which 
constantly change during flooding, were successfully 
measured three-dimensionally and simultaneously. 
Consequently, the previously hypothesized but never 
proven phenomenon of arc-shaped rising of the water 
surface in a straight river channel was observed. 
2) It is necessary to improve the correction method for 
kinematics in order to increase the precision of 
measuring water surface height when utilizing a GPS 
system. 
3) It was confirmed that simultaneous photography 
utilizing a synchronous shutter system mounted in two 
airplanes is an effective method for measuring moving 
bodies. 
4) Taking into consideration the river flow characteristic 
of uncertainty of current direction, the shutter interval 
speed had to be increased. 
5) It was confirmed that the stereoscopic visualization 
of flow phenomena using three-dimensional digital 
image processing is effective for understanding flood 
waters as a moving body. 
6) Itis recommended that global research be conducted 
for the purpose of improving the precision of elevation 
measurement in numeric topography models that utilize 
three-dimensional digital imaging systems. 
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 
| wish to express my sincere thanks to Koichi Endo of 
Kimoto K. K., and Takaharu Kotaki, Nobuaki Horie, 
Atsushi Konno, Qiu Tong, Carl Zeiss and Silke Jud for 
their enormous help concerning attempts toward the 
cutting-edge practical application of the systems in this 
research and development. | would also like to note my 
sincerely gratitude to the staff of Code Photography K. K. 
for their assistance in developing the synchronous 
shutters and photography work. 
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