MK 
ND Neue ui T — v" — pU J^ E NN M I m we AIT TENN FD Se 
4 SN S rd & 
-—- NAL GALAN i 
0.3 - 1m diameter (Situation B). 
M 
"ARCA AA NS EAN AS 3 
cake ice, 
v] 
Figure 1 shows the transition from open water to pancakes of 
frazil ice. The pancake ice is the young ice of the marginal ice 
zone. The shape results from the motion of the gravity waves. 
2. PASSIVE MICROWAVE SIGNATURES 
Figure 2 shows measured spectra of emissivities, ey and ep, 
at vertical (v) and horizontal (h) polarization 50° nadir angle 
of calm water, micro ice particles and small pancakes. 
  
gs 8783240 
d an daneben 
i 
[Ul 
ro 
1 
? 89480 2 
GLE 
1.00 
dE ES 
Hu 
1.00 
0.90 
  
NADIR AN 
0.80 1 0.30 
t 
= > 
< 
0.80 
5 
S 
N 
  
  
0.60 
0.50 
EMISSIVITY-AT- 50 DEG .: 
0.40 0.60 . 
b ba ER hm] À 
\ X 
== > 
=. 
0.50 
  
  
0.40 
  
0.30 
0.30 
  
0.70 
———ÁH— — ———46PÓ——— MÀ -—————4d A = — Ó39———1——3 —— 
0.70 
0.20 
0.20 
  
SA 
Ul 
ar 
1 
CD 
eO 
53 10 RS Ma dig 
FREQUENCY (GHZ) 
Figure 2: Spectra of emissivities from 5-100 GHz, horizontal (h) 
and vertical (v) polarization 509 off nadir, measured during 
NORSEX of calm water (W), microice particles (M), small pancakes 
with diameter 10-20 cm (A), and similar pancakes of Figure 1l c 
(P, vertical polarization only). 
759