effected by introducing the target translation term in the
source dictionary (Sect. 2.4). During the input of a term
alternative translations and synonyms can be entered.
2.1 Input of Nouns
Tab. 1 presents the steps necessary to input a noun in
the German dictionary, in this case the word FEHLER.
The table corresponds fairly with the display on the PC
monitor generated by the "Dictionary Update Program"
of the translation software to show or change terms
already available and to add new ones.
In Tab. 1 the Part of speech field has code N for noun,
the Gender field has M for masculine. The following
fields need no information to be entered in this case.
Under Translations the part of speech and the term in
the target language are displayed. In addition, it can be
necessary to input information on the German noun's
pattern of case endings.
A similar screen is provided for the input of an English
noun (e.g. ERROR) in the English dictionary (Tab. 2).
2.2 Input of Verbs
The entry of the German verb BEOBACHTEN is shown
in Tab. 3. The Part of speech field has the code V for
verb. The Tense field has 7 for Infinitive. Additional
information can be necessary on the inflection,
transitivity and reflexive nature of verbs and on some
specific qualities (e.g. Parset code 200 means the verb
can be followed by a new clause; Object case 1)A
stands for the verb takes one object (A for accusative)).
It has to be noticed that leaving an input field blank may
also give an information to the update program.
The input of the English verb TO OBSERVE is
displayed in Tab. 4.
2.3 Input of Semantic Units
The "Semantic Unit Dictionary Update Program" is used
to enter new semantic units in the German and the
English dictionary. The displays (Tab. 5 and 6) are
slightly different in comparison with the single word
dictionary update screens (Sect. 2.1 and 2.2). The
Inflecting word field, for instance, contains a code
indicating the position of the "head" word of the
semantic unit.
2.4 Linking
The input of new terms in the dictionaries of Globalink
requires a linking step. Linking stands for the process of
connecting a pair of monolingual dictionaries (e.g.
English and German), i.e. connecting the translation
term in the target dictionary to a term in the source
dictionary.
116
The procedure is quite simple, if a single word in the
source dictionary (e.g. English) corresponds to a single
word in the target dictionary (e.g. German). In this case,
first the new German word is entered in the German
dictionary without translation. Then the English word is
entered in the English dictionary with translation and the
linking is performed automatically by the program.
However, the process is more complex, if an English
single word corresponds to a semantic unit in the
German language (e.g. ISOCENTRES and
WINKELTREUE PUNKTE). In this case, the first step is
to input the English word in the "English Single Word
Dictionary" together with the information that the
translation is a semantic unit. Then the German term is
entered in the "German Semantic Unit Dictionary"
without translation. Finally, the English single word is
entered in the "English Semantic Unit Dictionary" with
the German semantic unit as translation.
3. TEST
The translation system and the microdictionary of
photogrammetry and remote sensing have to be
checked in practice by translating a great number of
subject-specific texts. As an example, Tab. 7 shows the
first paragraph of a close range photogrammetry text in
English (Baltsavias, 1995). The German translation
generated automatically in the batch mode of Globalink
(Tab. 8) contains some errors but reproduces more or
less understandable the content of the source text.
Interactive processing and post-editing may improve the
translation furthermore.
During the last years, opto-electronic sensors have
gained importance in areas such as photogrammetry,
remote sensing, machine, robot and computer vision.
They provide an effective way of fast image acquisition
and the potential of automated image analysis. Digital
images, in combination with on-line data evaluation, are
a valuable tool for automating quality control and are of
particular importance for recording kinematic processes,
promising to revolutionize a wide range of measurement
tasks.
Table 7 Source text
Während der letzten Jahre, opto - elektronische
Sensoren haben Wichtigkeit in Bereichen wie z.B.
Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung, Maschine, Roboter
und Computer-Sehvermögen gewonnen. Sie stellen
einen wirksamen Weg schneller Bild-Erwerbung und
das Potential automatisierter Bildanalyse bereit. Digital-
Bilder, in Verbindung mit onlinen Daten sind Bewertung,
ein wertvolles Werkzeug für Automatisieren von
Qualitätskontrolle und sind besonderer Wichtigkeit für
Aufzeichnung von kinematic Prozessen, Versprechen,
um einen weiten Bereich von Messung-Tasks zu
revolutionieren.
Table8 Target text
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996
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