the Central Bureau of Statistics, comprising 
photogrammetric mapping of 195 villages and towns 
of more than 2,000 inhabitants. Five private 
companies carried out mapping at 1:2500 scale, which 
contained only roads and houses as a background to 
population census maps. 
2.5 Facilities 
The following photogrammetric facilities exist in the 
country for internal use and to provide contract 
services. There is no manufacturer of photogrammetric 
equipment in Israel. 
Aircraft 3 
Major aerial survey cameras 6 
Terrestrial cameras 1 
Stereoplotters 12 
Analytical plotters 20 
Orthophoto 2 
Digital Photogrammetric Work Stations 6 
2.6 Education 
The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 
offers a curriculum leading to a Bachelor of 
Engineering degree in 4 years, or a Bachelor of 
Science degree in Geodetic Science in 3 years. 
The curriculum includes courses in aerial and 
close range photogrammetry, digital 
photogrammetry and image processing, remote 
sensing and mapping from satellite images, as 
well as a whole range of courses typical of a 
degree programme in Geodetic Engineering. There 
are some 180 students in the undergraduate 
programme, 20 students in M.Sc. programme and 5 
doctoral candidates. 
Photogrammetry, remote sensing and GIS related 
courses 
e Photogrammetry 1 (undergraduate level): 
‘introduction to the basic mathematical models of 
photogrammetry. 
eo Photogrammetry lab (undergraduate level): 
Familiarisation with and utilisation of basic 
photogrammetric equipment. 
e Photogrammetric mapping (undergraduate level): 
Theory and practice of mapping with aerial 
photogrammetry. 
eo Photogrammetry 2 (undergraduate level): 
Aerotriangulation, GPS in photogrammetry; 
calibration of equipment. 
e Advanced analytical photogrammetry (graduate 
level): Dynamic aerial and satellite imagery; close- 
range photogrammetry. 
e Introduction to digital photogrammetry and 
remote sensing (undergraduate/ graduate level): 
36 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996 
    
Sources for digital imagery; basic image processing 
techniques. 
e Digital Photogrammetry (undergraduate/graduate 
level): Using digital imagery for the preparation of 
maps, digital orthophoto and mosaic maps; basics 
of image matching techniques. 
e Advanced digital photogrammetry (graduate 
level); Automatic and semi-automatic procedures 
for extracting information from digital images. 
e Remote sensing for cartography 
(undergraduate/graduate level): Image 
segmentation and classification; link to GIS. 
e Databases in Geodesy (undergraduate level): 
Database models, topological relations, 
representation of features in a 3-D database. 
e Geographic information systems 
(undergraduate/graduate level): Combining vector 
and raster data, from different sources, in a 
Structured database. 
2.7 Research 
Applizd research is conducted at the Survey of Israel 
and at the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. 
The location of the projection centre by airborne GPS 
in developing photogrammetric control leads to a 
decrease in field control points required for solution. A 
research project in this topic covers various 
applications of GPS controlled photogrammetry and 
seeks to establish optimal configurations of control. 
Another research project deals with the application of 
digital photogrammetry and orthophoto in cadastral 
mutation plans. The objective here is to establish 
criteria for the successful applications of these 
techniques in the planning and execution of new 
cadastral subdivisions. 
A number of research topics were treated in the 
reporting period in the wide realm of data collection 
and analysis for  LIS/GIS, which included 
photogrammetric aspects, such as analysis of urban 
traffic accidents. 
The following is a list of recent graduate theses and 
research projects in photogrammetry, remote sensing 
and GIS at the Center for Research and Mapping of 
the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. 
e Graduate theses 
© Automatic targeting in digital photographs. 
O Automatic digital capture of hypsographic data 
of topographic maps. | 
O Developing procedures for defining an accurate 
digital cadastre. 
© Extraction of digital mapping data from 
satellite images. 
     
  
  
Alth 
wide 
that 
kilor 
map 
datal 
Cons 
envi 
parti 
ever 
conc 
even 
Sha 
dese 
with 
The 
of | 
incre 
com 
infra 
thes 
semi 
inten 
The 
adop 
mam 
have