2.2 Equipment 
For the CGI and for the department, 14 Silicon Graphics 
Indy computers and a file server were bought. The disk 
storage comprises 35 Gb. The work stations, which 
replace Apollo work stations from 1986, are used for 
education as well as for research. 
In 1995, a commercial software for digital 
photogrammetry, the Desktop Mapping System (DMS) 
of R-Wel, Inc., Georgia, was bought and installed on 15 
Pentium PC's. The DMS is used mainly for introduction 
of digital photogrammetry to students in surveying and 
mapping. 
The Kem DSR-11 analytical plotter has been upgraded 
with a PC server and MicroStation software from 
Intergraph. 
2.3 Education 
The department gives some 15 undergraduate courses in 
the disciplines geodesy, photogrammetry, photography, 
remote sensing and geoinformatics, and contributes to yet 
5 courses. The courses are taken by classes of 10 up to 
more than 100 students. The department also gives 
external courses for professionals outside KTH. A 
successful example of the latter is a course in Digital 
Photogrammetry, which has been given repeatedly since 
1992, e.g. to the National Land Survey of Sweden and to 
the National Swedish Road Administration. 
2.4 Postgraduate Degrees 
The following postgarduate degrees in Photogrammetry 
or Geoinformatics have been passed during the period 
1992-1996: 
e Lars Schylberg, PhD (in digital cartography) 
e Holger Zielinski, PhD (in photogrammetry) 
e Katarina Johnsson, PhD (in remote sensing) 
e Eberhard Giilch, Dr-Ing (in photogrammetry, defended 
in Germany) 
e Peter Axelsson, Licentiate (in photogrammetry) 
2.5 Research Activities 
The following main research activities have been 
undertaken during. the period 1992-96 in 
photogrammetry, photography, remote sensing and 
geoinformatics. 
e Automated object description 
e Photographic image quality 
e Orientation procedures without need for provisional . 
values 
Precision and reliability in strip triangulation 
GPS in block triangulation 
Line photogrammetry 
Design of a photogrammetric workstation for close- 
range line photogrammetry 
Mobile mapping system 
Software for basic analytical photogrammetry 
Resampling using segmentation 
Aerotriangulation using digitized images 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996 
Raster operators for map generalization 
Integration of GIS and Remote Sensing data 
Morphometric studies using geophysical and digital 
elevation data 
e Land elevation, bathymetry, and seismic data analysis 
using GIS 
3. THE NATIONAL LAND SURVEY OF SWEDEN 
3.1 Organization 
The National Land Survey of Sweden (NLS) was totally 
reorganized in 1995, including the National Board for 
Real Estate Data. The result is an organization that 
includes authority departments for real estate 
administration, for provision with basic geographic 
information in computerized and map form, and for 
research and development, as well as a production 
department called METRIA. : 
NLS / METRIA performs the major part of aerial 
photographic services in Sweden, produces national 
geodetic networks, maps and databases and acts as a 
consultant in mainly large scale photogrammetric 
production. ; 
3.0 GPS in Aerial Photography and for Block 
Triangulation 
Yearly some 20 000 aerial photographs are produced and 
stored. The NLS has since 1992 routinely used real-time 
GPS in aerial photography for navigation and automatic 
exposure at preselected points. The system for this, called 
Computer-Assisted Aerial Photography (CAAP), was 
developed in-house. The CAAP system consists of four 
parts: Planning, Navigation and automatic exposure, Post 
processing and Archiving. 
Post-processed GPS is to an increasing extent used in 
aerial block triangulation to reduce the amount of ground 
control points. Block adjustment is performed as bundle 
block adjustment with PAT B-RS GPS, using corrected 
image coordinates, ground control point coordinates, 
antenna coordinates for each exposure, determined by 
differtential GPS, and eccentricity data between antenna 
and camera. Unknown drift parameters for stripwise linear 
GPS drift corrections are introduced. 
The photographic archives contain more than one million 
aerial photographs from 1929 until today. In order to 
improve archive services a computer-based information 
system for aerial photographs, FBIS, has been developed, 
based on a digital background map, manual digitization 
of existing index maps and storage of GPS coordinates 
and digitized attribute data for new photo missions. 
Information will be distributed via Internet. 
3.3 Analytical Photogrammetry for Small-scale Map 
Production 
Since 1937, the Economic Map of Sweden at a scale of 
1:10 000 has been produced using a combination of in- 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
     
   
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
  
    
   
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
  
  
  
   
  
   
  
   
   
     
  
  
  
  
   
  
  
  
    
  
   
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
   
   
   
    
   
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