2.1 Changing patterns of employment 
The current pattern of employment in photogrammetry is 
presented in Table 2.1. The three organisations devoting 
more than 25 person years include two (Ordnance Survey 
and BKS Surveys) that were in the same position in the 
previous reporting period, plus Kvaerner Surveys, while 
the Directorate of Military Surveys has dropped into the 6- 
25 person year category. Of the other 16 organisations 
devoting 6-25 person years to photogrammetry, the 
Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland is involved in 
national mapping and there are two education 
establishments (City University and University College 
London(UCL)) and one special case, the Institute of 
Information . Scientists. The remaining twelve 
organisations are commercial companies, of which nine 
are principally concerned with project mapping, and three 
with the production and distribution of equipment, 
software and products. The majority of organisations 
devote fewer than 6 person years to photogrammetry and 
the lowest category in Table 2.1 is probably an under- 
estimate because of lack of contact. 
TABLE 2.1 Organisations providing employment in 
photogrammetry and estimates of numbers of 
full time staff: 
TABLE 2.2 Applications of photogrammetry: 
  
Main Major Minor 
>50%  10- «1096 
50% 
  
6 
16 
Institution/Profession/Trade matters 1 
Education/Training 4 
Research - 
Consultancy 2 
Manufacture/Software development 4 
Distribution/support/maintenance 4 
National Survey 5 
Project Mapping 
National Resource Survey 
Project Resource Survey 
Protection of Environment 
Defence/Police/Emergency 
Services 
Hydrology/Oceanography - - 
Meteorology/Space - - 
Monitoring Change - 6 
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Employment Number of Number 
(person years) organisations employed 
(person years) 
Over 25 3 90 
6-25 17 204 
1-5 22 55 
Less than 1 : 19 9 
. Totals 61 358 
2.3 Techniques 
The list of. photogrammetric techniques used by the 
respondents (Table 2.3) indicates that photogrammetry 
using aerial photographs remains the dominant 
application, but a marked feature is the increased use of 
close-range techniques for architecture, industrial 
engineering, archaeology and medical/science compared 
to the situation four years ago. 
TABLE 2.3 Photogrammetric techniques used: 
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
  
  
   
   
  
   
   
   
  
  
   
  
   
  
   
    
   
   
  
   
    
The total number of organisations and number employed 
are slightly less than the corresponding numbers for the 
previous reporting period but, given the approximate 
nature of the sampling process, no conclusions should be 
drawn from this. 
2.2 Applications 
The photogrammetric applications described by the 
questionnaire respondents cover a wide range (Table 
2.2). It is noticeable that only 4 education establishments 
apply more than 50% of the photogrammetry to 
education/training, most time being spent in research. 
The largest single application is in project mapping, by 
commercial companies, followed by national mapping and 
national resource surveys, which include both 
topographic and thematic data collection. Manufacturing, 
distribution and support for equipment and software is the 
sole application of a small group of respondents, and 
numerous commercial companies devote a minor 
proportion of their photogrammetric application to 
education/training. Generally most organisations cover a 
range of applications. 
Photogrammetry using space imagery 12 
Photogrammetry using aerial photographs 43 
Photogrammetry using video/scanned aerial 22 
imagery 
Architectural photogrammetry 26 
Industrial/engineering photogrammetry 25 
Archaeological photogrammetry 19 
Medical/scientific close-range photogrammetry 10 
Photogrammetry with GIS 27 
  
While medical photogrammetry has not registered any 
significant change, the other listed branches have 
registered growth, mostly through the agency of small 
specialist companies or university departments. The 
linkage of photogrammetry to GIS through the increased 
application of digital techniques is a further development. 
2.4 Education 
The tertiary education sector in the UK has seen 
88 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996 
considerable change in the last four years, with the 
upgrading of polytechnics to university status and the 
progressive cut-back in funding to universities by central 
government, leading to internal financial constraints. 
University photogrammetric units have had to generate 
funds for additional equipment through funded research 
projects or by an increased intake: of students. The net 
  
   
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