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are determined by analytical block aerial triangulation.
When necessary, contours can be superimposed from
the existing topographic map on the orthophotonegative.
4.5. Basis of Urban Cadastre
The compilation and updating of maps at scales of
1:1000 and 1:500 as basis of urban cadastre is done by
analogue stereoplotting. For this purpose aerial
photographs are taken most frequently by wide-angle
aerial survey camera (15/23 cm) and in the case of high
and densely built sites - by normal-angle aerial survey
camera (30/23 cm) from altitude from 1.2 to 0.5 km
above the terrain. This altitude depends on the
parameters of the aerial photography determined by its
purpose. Because of this the scale of the serial
photographs varies in rather wide range - from 1:6000 to
1: 1700.
The analogue stereoplotting is done by stereoplotters of
the type Stereometrograph of Zeiss. The necessary
control points for absolute orientation of the stereo
models are determined by land survey as well as by
analytical aerial block triangulation by bundle adjustment.
4.6. Determination of Terrain Points for Land Reform
In applying the Law of Property and Use of Agricultural
Lands it is necessary to determine the coordinates of a
considerable number of points, monumented on the
terrain. Traditionally this determination is done by land
survey methods, using modern equipment. Satisfactory
results, however, are obtained by applying photo
grammetric methods for densification of geodetic network
(aerial triangulation).
Taking into consideration the necessary accuracy of the
coordinates of the new-determined points, the
implementation of aerial triangulation for this purpose
should be preceded by the solution of some specific
problems, connected with the choice of the aerial survey
camera, the aerial film, the parameters of the aerial
photography and the way of targeting the points on the
terrain before taking the aerial photographs.
5. CONCLUSION
The photogrammetry in Bulgaria is provided with reliable
technical means and technologies including software.
They are used successfully in technical activities for the
restitution of ownership of agricultural lands which will be
followed by the creation of a new cadastre and land
registration in order to guarantee the individual property
rights and also for the creation of land information system
with the purpose of developing it further into a geographic
information system.
It must be, however, underlined that the technical means
and the technologies related to them, are out-of-date and
Bulgaria needs updating of the photogrammetry
equipment for which it relies on its own funds, as well as
on foreign aid, especially from the European Community.
REFERENCES*
Banov, B.,1993. The agrarian reform in Bulgaria -
technical problems and goals, (in Bulgarian). GKZ, 1,
pp.14-16.
Dinkov, D., 1992. Restitution of ownership on farming
lands in Bulgaria, (in Bulgarian). GKZ, 5-6, pp.3-5.
Gegov,K., 1992 The future national cadastre, (in
Bulgarian). GKZ, 6, pp.8-9.
Haydoushky, |. and Katzarsky, |., 1983. Development
and state of photogrammetry in Bulgaria, (in English,
French and German). GKZ, 3, pp.51-56.
Katzarsky, |., 1992. Aerial triangulation for cadastre and
land reform, (in Bulgarian). GKZ,5-6, pp.10-11..
Katzarsky, |., 1995a. A project for the organizational
structure of the cadastre in Bulgaria. Workshop Reform
of Land Administration and Cadastre in Central and
Eastern Europe, Apeldorm, The Netherlands.
Katzarsky, |., 1995b. The civil survey office of Bulgaria.
Cambridge Conference for National Mapping
Organizations Cambridge, U.K.
Katzarsky, |., 1996a. The cadastre in Bulgaria - its state
and future Workshop on Reforms of Cadastre and Land
Registration Systems in Central and Eastern Europe and
in Latin America. Sevilla, Spain.
Katzarsky, |., 1996b Development and state of photo
grammetry in Bulgaria. XVIII ISPRS Congress, Vienna,
Commission VI.
Stoyanov, J., 1992. The role of cadastral information in
process of land division,(in Bulgarian). GKZ, 5-6, pp. 5-7.
Stoynov, V., Valev, G. and Minchev, M, 1992. Actual
tasks of national geodetic surveys (in Bulgarian). GKZ, 2,
pp.20-22.
*GKZ= Geodezia, Kartografia, Zemeustroistvo (Geodesy,
Cartography, Land Management Journal), Sofia.
AUTHORS' ADDRESSES
Dr Ivan Katzarsky
Ministry of Regional Development and Construction
Main Department of Cadastre and Geodesy
17-19, Kiril i Methodi Street
BG-1202 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel: (+3592)876 260 and 813 785
Fax (+3592)872 517 and 874 888
Dr Lilia Koleva
TERRA-F Co.
4 Simeonov Vek Street
B1.266-A, Vh.D, Ap.79
BG-1111 Sofia, Bulgaria
Tel./Fax: (+3592) 709 135
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. Vol. XXXI, Part B6. Vienna 1996
