DEVELOPMENT OF STREET RAILWAYS 
quickly the short distance he travels, or one who for some 
other reason prefers to ride rather than walk, he is in a posi- 
tion to pay for this special accommodation, and the result 
greatly benefits those who are obliged to use the street cars 
for comparatively long distances. 
On the other hand steam railroads, with their fixed stops, 
can easily establish rates of fare which shall correspond 
exactly with the distance travelled. 
Reduction of fares on street railways does not usually take 
place by the introduction of a smaller cash payment for a 
single fare, but on some roads tickets are sold at a reduction 
provided a moderately large number of fares are pald for at 
one time by the purchase of tickets. To a still greater 
degree reductions of fare are indirectly accomplished by the 
grant of free transfers to connecting lines of the same SyS- 
tem, and by extensions of the distance which can be trav- 
elled for one rate. Both these methods benefit the long 
distance traveller, and one of the complaints is frequently 
heard of the street railway system of fares is that every- 
thing is done for the benefit of the suburban and long 
distance traveller at the expense of the traveller within the 
city. This is undeniably true, but the short distance traveller 
pays for the special service rendered him, a service which 
partakes of the nature of a luxury. 
The rapid development of electric street railways has had 
a considerable influence on the distribution of population 
and also upon real estate values, and has modified to a marked 
degree the density of population in the larger cities and their 
suburbs. A street car drawn by horses ran at an average 
speed of about seven miles an hour, and accommodated about 
one-half the number of passengers now carried on an electric 
car running at speeds as high as twenty-five miles an 
hour in suburban and country districts. This increase in 
speed has led to a great increase in the area which may be 
served in a given time. It may be assumed that one hour 
represents the limit to which people are restricted as the time to 
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