104 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION. 
the hope of our future. Those who profit by their advantages, as a rule, 
will be found taking the right attitude toward all public questions. The 
more liberal their education and the more wise their teachers, the surer 
are they to be found on the side of liberty and good government, the more 
steady will be their resistance to that conservatism which is afraid of prog- 
ress, and to that radicalism which heeds not the voice of history. The 
Jay will come, if it has not already dawned, when professors of law will 
be taken from our universities for arbitration and counsel in questions 
iffecting the peace of nations ; when men of letters, or at least of academic 
culture, will be sent, as the best representatives of the American people, to 
the most cultivated courts of Europe ; when the students of finance will be 
asked to leave their chairs of instruction and assist the officers of govern- 
ment in disentangling fiscal problems ; when the missionary, trained by his 
linguistic discipline for the mastery of oriental tongues, shall become the 
nterpreter and introducer of western ideas into eastern countries; when 
men of science will be more and more relied on in the solution of the 
world problems pertaining to life and force ; when philologians will inter- 
oret the texts upon which theologians will base their creeds; when the 
daily press will more and more readily open its columns to the matured 
opinions given out by learned men ; and when the barriers (slight and 
transitory barriers, we may well believe) which have grown up between 
‘he common schools and the universities will disappear from every part 
of the country; and when knowledge, accurate, scientific, comprehensive 
knowledge, will be regarded not only for its own sake but as the parent 
of wisdom and virtue. Am I speaking of the future or of the present ? 
Has not the day of universities dawned ? Have not our higher institutions 
won that position that entitles them to the confidence, the admiration, and 
the support of all the American people ? These five contributions they 
will make to our civilization :—Science will take the place of empiricism ; 
the power of sustained effort will be augmented ; good government will 
be established ; encouragement will be provided for men of rare intellec- 
tual qualities ; and the noble enjoyment of leisure will be assured. 
HOW FAR IS IT DESIRABLE THAT UNIVERSITIES 
SHOULD BE OF ONE TYPE? 
BY PRESIDENT MARTIN KELLOGG, OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. 
Ir is a time of rapid expansion in our leading institutions of learning. 
No one of them is content with its offered facilities and its present 
endowments. Every one of them is working on some theory of further 
development. There are two theories of university development : 
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