118 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF EDUCATION. 
ProrFESSOR BAKER, of the University of Colorado, deplored the present state of the 
admission requirements to schools of law and medicine. More than half of the law 
schools or medical schools of the country have no standard for admission whatever. 
Professor Baker adduced cases he had observed of young men leaving the freshman class 
of college, where they had been unable to maintain any scholarly standing, and starting at 
once to study law or medicine. There should be no admission to professiongl schools with- 
out at least a complete high-school education. To require the Bachelor of Arts degree, 
especially if the degree be further improved in value, seems to be requiring too much. 
Perhaps somewhere between these two’ extremes will finally be found the solution of the 
problem —that is, intermediate between the completion of a high-school education and 
the completion of a college course. 
PROFESSOR IMELMANN, of the Joachimsthal Gymnasium, of Berlin, Germany, expressed 
nis satisfaction with the views of Professor Wilson. The question, however, was not an 
ssue in German education, because the union of general and special culture, of liberal 
and professional training, is in itself the essential point, and perhaps the distinguishing 
feature, of German universities. Furthermore, the German colleges or gymnasia have 
she task of giving that general liberal education which serves as the best basis for prep- 
aration for admission to professional studies 
PrESIDENT H. T. EDDY, of the Polytechnic Institute, Terre Haute, Indiana, thought 
‘here had never been such an interest on the part of the whole community in the subject 
of universal education ; never before had such sums of money been expended for educa- 
sional purposes in this country. It was important, therefore, to take advantage of this 
zeneral awakening of interest and see to it that the cause of sound liberal education 
antecedent to the professional culture should receive its share of benefit in connection 
with this general awakening. 
SHOULD GREEK BE REQUIRED FOR THE DEGREE OF 
BACHELOR OF ARTS? 
BY PROFESSOR W. G. HALE, UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO. 
THE practical solution of this question will, in the case of most men, 
depend upon their intellectual make-up, and will not involve any larger 
survey of history than the memory of people in middle life supplies. Yet 
-n order to be prepared to weigh intelligently certain historical arguments 
chat are actually advanced by the disputants on either side, it will be 
iecessary to trace rapidly the origin and later history of the degree of 
Bachelor of Arts. 
Of the four institutions characterized by M. Compayré as the mothers 
of universities—namely, Bologna, Paris, Oxford, and Salamanca—the 
second, that of Paris, was founded in 1200. Only eight years later the 
conception of groups of related subjects appears in the wording of instruc- 
ilons sent to the university by Innocent III., which were addressed to 
“all the doctors ”’—i.e., teachers—*¢ of theology, canon law, and liberal 
arts established at Paris.” About half a century after this, the logical 
separation of the university into departments began, taking the form not 
of a single act of organization, but of a setting-off first of one department 
and then of another from the general mass, the department of arts being 
finally left as the residue. By the year 1275 the faculty of law, the 
faculty of theology, the faculty of medicine (the study of which subject 
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