EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF TRAINING AN ENGINEER. 579 
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engineering to which he is to devote himself. In laying out, therefore, 
any engineering course, of whatever name—whether civil, mechanical, 
mining, metallurgical, electrical, or chemical engineering—we should 
arrange first to give good courses in the fundamental subjects already 
anumerated ; and thorough instruction in these should not be sacrificed to 
any other subjects, whether of an engineering or of a general character. 
When this has been done, we must next consider what other subjects 
should be added, and they may be classified as follows: (1) Those of a 
professional nature, bearing on the work of an engineer in general, what- 
ever his specialty. (2) Those of a professional nature bearing on the 
special line of engineering the course is intended to teach. (3) Those of a 
general character suited to impart general information. (4) Those which 
fulfill partly ong of these functions, and partly another.. In the first 
class I should place (a) machine design, (4) dynamics of machinery, 
(¢) metallurgy of iron, (d) heating and ventilation, (¢) stereotomy, (f) 
surveying, (g) shop-work. 
How many and which of these subjects can be added will depend upon 
circumstances. 
Under the term, dynamics of machinery, I include such subjects as 
governors, fly-wheels, dynamometers, the action of the reciprocating parts 
of the steam engine, etc. The mere mention of these subjects will make 
plain their importance, and the same is true of metallurgy of iron and heat- 
mg and ventilation. Stereotomy is merely a species of advanced descrip- 
tive geometry, and can easily be acquired by one familiar with the latter. 
Next as to surveying and topographical drawing. Of course, every engi- 
aeer ought to know some, but the principles of surveying are easily learned 
by any one having a scientific training and some skill in handling measur- 
ing instruments ; and nicety of execution can only be attained by long 
continued practice, which can be acquired after leaving school.  Survey- 
ng has sometimes been assumed to be the chief function of the civil engi- 
neer, and frequently a man who was merely a surveyor would call himself 
a civil engineer; but the progress of the world is sweeping this away, and 
y mere surveyor is no longer considered to be an engineer any more than 
» machinist 1s an engineer. When we come to geodesy, it requires a 
thorough training, but it is a subject by itself and does not form a part 
of engineering. 
Next, as to shop-work, remarks might be made very similar to those 
already made in regard to surveying. It is a matter in which every 
engineer ought to have some practice, but which should not be allowed to 
crowd out more important engineering work. Indeed, it would be well if 
this could be acquired at a manual-training school before the student 
anters the engineering school. 
Next, as to the studies of the second class, we may make two sub- 
divisions : First, those requisite for such specialties as can be developed