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1 
INDUSTRIAL AND MANUAL TRAINING IN SCHOOL COURSE. 611 
oy the most sanguine, will not alone secure for them a permanent place 
in elementary school work : so I believe that the intrinsic value of man- 
aal training will not soon secure for it a permanent place in the ele- 
mentary schools below the seventh or eighth grade as a separate branch of 
school work. 
Fortunately, as there are more potent pedagogical reasons for the intro- 
duction of science study, than that the pupils may learn the facts of sci- 
ence, so there are stronger pedagogical reasons for employing manual 
exercises In learning the elements of the various branches of the school 
curriculum than that the children may become skilled in the use of their 
nands. 
If the different lines of manual exercises made necessary by the char- 
acter of work suggested in the foregoing were detailed for our inspection, 
we should be able to see many schemes of systematically arranged employ- 
ments for hand training, any one of which would delight the heart of the 
devotee of industrial education. We should see ‘‘ courses of training” 
vith sticks, with tablets, with colored paper, with cardboard, with clay, 
with physical apparatus, as well as with other things. But we are not 
arranging work to interest or satisfy this person. We are seeking to do 
all the work of the school as it should be done ; nothing more. 
In our presentation of exercises so far, the boys and girls have worked 
together. We have, however, yet to state that the girls have been giving 
one hour a week to sewing, for two or three years, in which the boys have 
had no part. While the girls have been sewing or cutting and fitting, the 
boys have given attention to numerous exercises in details of work in 
which they had fallen behind their sisters, such as neatness of penman- 
ship, care with spelling, and style in expression ; while the loss in manual 
iraining occasioned by not taking the sewing has been made good by play 
with playthings requiring skill in their management, such as bicycles, 
lennis racquets, and other things. . There is much manual training in 
modern play of which the girls, however, do not get their share. The 
>xtra work made necessary by the sewing makes good this loss to some 
extent, and gives opportunity to make good the loss in care and accu- 
racy occasioned by too much interest in games on the part of the 
boys. Baseball is the cause of the misplacement or omission of many a 
capital letter or punctuation mark, the cause of many a misspelled word. 
Opportunity for correcting these two inequalities is needed in mixed 
schools, which the sewing lessons give. 
Up to this time the child has done most of his hand work without 
so0ls. His hand has been trained to help in discovering an infinite variety 
of texture, and almost as great a variety of causes of texture. Nerves, 
having their end-organs in muscles, have codperated with dermal end- 
organs of nerves, and the two with nerve end-organs of the special senses, 
to identify and correlate qualities of texture or appearance with weight