PHYSICAL EXERCISES FOR SCHOOL PURPOSES. 635 
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Light Gymnastic Exercises (with apparatus).—This affords better 
spportunity to grade the exercises to suit the body and mind of the child 
from five to twenty years of age, and to cultivate not alone muscles and 
strength, grace and agility, but to train the perception, memory, judg- 
ment, and almost every faculty of the mind, at the same time affording 
much recreation. Indian-club swinging, for instance, while simple and 
easy, can be made most intricate and interesting. This fact was illus- 
srated at one of the New York school receptions, where the graduating 
girls gave a very creditable exhibition of club-swinging, showing grace 
of movement, complexity and variety of exercises. The following is a 
classification of graded drills in New York City schools (June, 1893) : 
[n the grammar departments : 
First Grade (highest).— Advanced Indian-club drill No. 1. 
Second Grade.—Advanced bell-bar drill No. 1. 
Third Grade.—Wood dumb-bell drill No. 1. 
Fourth Grade.—Bell-bar drill No. 2. 
Fifth Grade.—Indian-club drill No. 2 ; or wood dumb-bell drill No. 2. 
Sixth Grade.—Short-wand drill No. 1. 
Seventh Grade.— Wood dumb-bell drill No. 3. 
Lighth Grade.—Calisthenic dumb-bell drill No. 4 ; or free drill No. 4. 
Ror the primary departments : 
First Grade (highest). —Indian-club drill No. 3. 
Second Grade.—Anvil chorus dumb-bell drill, or bell-bar drill No. 3. 
Third Grade.—Short-wand drill No. 2. 
Fourth Grade.— Wood dumb-bell drill No. 5. 
Fifth Grade.—Military drill, and ring drill No. 1. 
Sixth Grade.—Free drills Nos. 1. 2. and 3, and breathing exercises. 
[n the higher grades of grammar departments, where ages range from 
‘ourteen to seventeen years, especially in the male department, heavy 
apparatus—horse, horizontal bars, etc. —can be used to advantage. This 
work need not be limited to the boys’ classes, though of course the work 
by the girls must be much simpler and easier of accomplishment. The 
olement of resistance to exertion here satisfies an evident demand, and 
affords an increased amount of recreation. Here the class should work in 
squads under competent leaders, who set the exercises and see that they 
are properly carried out. 
Games.—Of course the element of fun is greatest in the so-called 
‘“ games.” The rivalry and exertion completely change the mental con- 
dition, and recreate body and mind. These should not be carried to 
fatigue. Baseball, handball, basket-ball, tag, etc., can be utilized in a 
most profitable way ; and I believe games will hold a much more promi- 
nent place in the future than they do to-day in school, association, and 
college gymnasiums.