PHYSICAL TRAINING OF CRIMINALS. 649 
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forward with such a degree of rapidity that the cold weather found the 
building under cover. During the winter the interior was completed, 
and March 20, 1890, in the presence of a few invited guests, the building 
was used for the first time. The opening exercises were simple in charac- 
ter, consisting of a few musical numbers, an exhibition drill by an inmate 
military company, and class work in gymnastics. 
The building is without architectural pretensions, constructed of brick 
and slate roofed. Being detached, an abundance of light and air is ob- 
tained. The main floor is eighty-three by one hundred and two feet, and 
[ree from post, pillar, and obstruction of every kind. The roof is an open 
russ, and the ceiling of Georgia pine. Suspended from the roof and sup- 
ported by the walls is a running track, eleven feet above the floor, on 
which seventeen laps and a fraction equal a mile. The distance from 
floor to ceiling along the lateral walls is twenty-one feet, and from floor to 
peak, forty-two feet. The equipment is a fairly complete one, of the 
Sargent apparatus. Sitnated in the east end of the building are the 
measuring and dressing rooms snd bath. The bath is a dry vapor, Turk- 
ish, and comprises a hot and warm room, shampooing and douching 
room, and plunge. The floors of the bath, together with the sides and 
bottom of the plunge, are of marble. The walls are brick, painted white. 
With the exception of the iron work entering into the truss, and the 
slating of the roof, the building is the work of prison or inmate labor. 
I'he building, with plant of bath and apparatus, cost $16,000, and for all 
practical purposes compares favorably with the more elaborate and costly 
rymnasia of note throughout the country. 
The work of the gymnasium has increased year by year. In 1890 there 
were cighty-five assignments ; one hundred and twenty-one in 1891; one 
hundred and thirty-two in 1892; with a prospect of a still further increase 
in 1893, or about ten per cent., year by year. of the entire prison popu- 
ation. 
The various functions of this prison gymnasium may be inferred from 
what has been already said. It is in touch with every department, second 
s0 none in importance, and particularly related to the schools, the hospi- 
‘al, and to discipline. In its relation to the schools it is a place of pre- 
iiminary setting up, of physical renovation and betterment, that vegeta- 
tive functions and volitional processes may be quickened and amplified and 
a higher grade of man evolved, which is sought, not for increased immu- 
nity from disease, decline, and death, but for corporal excellence in its 
entirety, with resultant impress upon mind and manners. It is in touch 
¥ith the hospital in that it receives many cases of functional disturbance 
and perverseness not in themselves inimical to life, but whose continu- 
ance disturbs the rhythm of the organism and the correlation of its several 
parts. 
Errors of circulation, repair, and waste are more readily overcome by