v7) 
High Schools for Special Subjects. 
1. Mining Academies. 
Among the German Federal States, only Prussia, and in the 
second place, Saxony possess a mining industry of prominent eco- 
nomical importance. The Prussian State itself has extensive mining 
grounds, as is evident from the mere fact that the gross receipts from 
governmental mining, foundry, and salt-pit operations were estimated 
m the budget of 1902 at 190.6 millions of Marks, and the net receipts 
at 30.8 millions. 
For the management of these works, and for filling up the tech- 
nical posts under the authorities entrusted with the supervision of 
the Mining Department in general, a considerable number of higher 
officials are required, who must possess a corresponding technical and 
generally scientific previous knowledge. According to the regulations 
of September the 22nd 1893, for entrance into the Mining Department 
of the Civil Service, the production of a leaving-certificate of a Gym- 
nasium, of a Realgymnasium, of a Prussian Higher Realschule, or of 
a school ranking with the latter, is required. At first the aspirants 
have to pass, as ,, mining candidates“ (»Bergbaubeflissene®), through 
a one year’s practical course of work, which is followed by a three 
years’ academical course of study. The latter comprises at least one 
year of attendance at a University, while two years can be passed 
at the Mining Academies in Berlin and Clausthal, or in the Mining 
Department of the Technical High School in Aachen. Attendance at 
the other Technical High Schools, and at the Saxon Mining Academy 
in Freiberg, will be counted up to only one year. After passing his 
first examination, the candidate is appointed Mining , Referendar®, and 
after an additional three years’ preparation and another examination, 
Mining ,,Assessor®. Many mining experts who wish to enter the ser- 
vice of private persons, nevertheless begin their career as civil ser- 
vants, and pass the first examination or both. But they can also offer 
themselves for a special examination in the Mining Academies. and 
on passing obtain a certificate. 
1. The Royal Mining Academy in Berlin, founded 1770, 
reorganised 1860. It is connected with the Prussian Geological State 
[nstitution, and is under the authority of the Ministry of Commerce 
and Industry. The curriculum comprises principally higher mathe- 
matics, geodesy, mine-surveying, descriptive geometry, drawing and 
construction, mechanics, mechanical engineering, anorganic chemistry 
chemical technology, mineralogy, petrography, general and special