Technical Schools.
171
with building, by giving them an opportunity of acquiring the theoretical
knowledge and the skill necessary for successfully and independently
carrying on their trade; 2. the educating of assistants in the office
and in practical building (draughtsmen, overseers, superintendents of
offices. and building operations); 3. the preparation for intermediate
technical official work (such as that of clerk to a board of works,
technical government and railway secretaries, etc.).
According to the regulations in Prussia, admission to the School
is obtained by the pupil showing that he has received a good
elementary education, that he has completed his sixteenth year, and
that he has been practically employed, for at least two summers, in
building and in workshops. For those who are as yet insufficiently
prepared there are introductory classes. Several Building-trade Schools,
in addition to the department of achitecture, have another for the
construction of underground works, roads. waterworks. bridges, rail-
wavs, etc.
Pupils must attend the school for four half-years, which need
aot be taken in immediate succession, but may be interrupted by
practical work in summer. This explains the great difference be-
ween the summer and the winter attendance in the single schools.
In the two lower half-yearly classes the pupils in the two de-
partments are taught together, in the two higher classes the in-
struction is separate. At the conclusion of the course a final exami-
ration takes place. Further particulars as to these schools are
supplied in the table on page 172.
In Bavaria there are 8 Building-trade Schools, in Saxony 5 supported
bv the government, and 7 by towns or other bodies, in Wiirttemberg
there is one, in the other States there are, partly in connection with
other schools, 17 public and 7 private institutions of this kind.
4. For pottery and tile making there are in Prussia 3, in
Bavaria 2, in the other Federal States 2 professional schools. besides
one such for glass instruments.
By ,Handwerkerschulen (Artisan or Trade Schools) are
meant those schools in which, for various handicrafts, tull day teaching
is given, although the course may be one of only a year or half a year.
Such schools are often called ,,Gewerbeschulen® (,industrial schools®)
or _Kunstgewerbeschulen® (,,industrial schools of art®), and as drawing
is the chief subject of instruction in these, they can frequently not
he easily distinguished from the higher Industrial Schools of Art.