FAST AND HEAVY RAILWAY SERVICE. 261 
York and Washington, besides facilitating the general serv- 
ice greatly. Unfortunately it was necessary to havea grade 
of nearly forty-three feet to the mile in the main tunnel, 
and this demanded so great power in hauling the heavy 
freight service as to make the smoke question exceedingly 
grave, In attempting to carry it on by steam locomotives 
just after the completion of the tunnel several men were 
asphyxiated, and freight service via the tunnel was dropped 
until the electric equipment was ready. The relatively 
light passenger service caused comparatively little trouble 
from smoke. 
The first electric locomotive went into regular service 
  
on Aug. 4, 1895, and has operated with entire success 
since that date. 'The total length of the electric run, in- 
cluding the approaches to the tunnel, is about two miles. 
The locomotive complete is shown in Fig. 134. Itis of 
standard gauge, 35 ft. long and 9 ft. 6 ins. extreme 
width, and weighs complete 96 tons. It is composed of 
two flexibly connected trucks, each having four driving 
wheels 62 ins. in diameter on a 6 ft. 10 in. wheel base. 
All the weight is, of course, on the drivers. 
On each of the four driving axles is mounted a six- 
pole, direct connected motor of 360 nominal horse power. 
These motors, shown mnnassembled in Fig. 135, are not 
placed directly upon the axle. The armature shaft isa 
sleeve thirteen inches in exterior diameter, concentric with