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ANDREOSSY—ST ANDREW.
the 17th of August 1586. He studied at Tiibingen,
spent some time in travelling in the south of
Kurope, obtained ecclesiastical preferments in the
Protestant Church of his native country, and died
on June 27,1654, at Stuttgart, where he was chaplain
to the court. Eminently practical in his mental dis-
position, he was grieved to see the principles of
Christianity made the subject of mere empty disputa-
tions, and all science and philosophy in like manner
perverted by a frivolous scholasticism. To the
correction of this prevailing tendency of his age, the
efforts of his whole life were directed. His writings
are remarkable for the wit and humour, as well as
for the learning, acuteness, and moral power which
they display. He has been long regarded as the
founder, or at least the restorer of the order of the
Rosicrucians (q. v.); and this opinion is plausibly
supported by reference to three publications—the
Chymische Hochzeit Christiant Rosenkreuz (1616), the
Fama Fraternitatis R. C., 1. e., rosee crucis (1614),
and the Confessio Fraternitatis R. C. (1615), of the
first of which he acknowledged himself the author,
and the other two have so much resemblance to it as
to be evidently from the same pen. But, however
these works were misunderstood by his contempo-
raries, and particularly by those who were inclined to
mysticism in religion, his intention in them was cer-
tainly not to originate or promote secret societies of
mystics and enthusiasts, but to ridicule the follies of
the age. He attacked Rosicrucianism itself in some
of his later writings with great severity. =~ Among
the best of his works are his Menippus s. Satyri-
corum Dialogorum Centuria (1617). His Mythologica
Christiana (1619) is another of the best known. He
wrote an allegoric poem called Die Christenburyg (of
which an edition was published, Stuttg. 1836), and
an autobiography (Winterthur, 1799). Herder has
done much to extend a knowledge of A.’s works in
the present age.
ANDREOSSY, AxToiNE Frawcors, CouNT, was
born on March 6, 1761, at Castelnaudary, in Langue-
doc, and was the great-grandson of Frangois A., who,
along with Riquet, constructed the canal of Langue-
doc mn the 17th c. He entered the army as a lieu-
tenant of artillery in 1781, joined the Revolutionists,
rose rapidlyin military rank, served under Bonaparte
in Italy and Egypt, accompanied him on his return
from Egypt to France, and took part in the revolu-
tion of the 18th Brumaire. He was ambassador at
London during the peace of Amiens, and afterwards
at Vienna, was governor of Vienna when it was in
the hands of the French after the battle of Wagram,
and was for some time ambassador at Constanti-
nople, from which he was recalled by Louis XVIIIL.
on the Restoration. e was raised to the peerage
by Napoleon after his return from Elba. After the
battle of Waterloo, he advocated the recall of the
Bourbons; but as deputy from the department of
Aube, he generally took part with the opposition.
He died at Montauban on September 10, 1828. He
was a man of eminent scientific attainments, and
distinguished himself as a member of the Institute
founded at Cairo. One of his first works was the
Histoire Générale du Canal du Mide (Par. 1800 ;
new edition, 2 vols., 1805), in which he asserted the
right of his great-grandfather to honours long
enjoyed by Riquet. Among the most valuable of
his works are hus Mémoire sur UIrruption du Pont-
Buxin dans la Méditerranée, his Mémoire sur le
Systeme des Eaux qui abrevvent Constantinople, and
his Constantinople et le Bosphore de Thrace pendant
les Anndes 1812—1814 et pendant P Année 1826
(Par. 1828), a work of importance in physical
geography.
ANDREW, the first disciple of Christ, and
afterwards an apostle, was, like his brother Peter, a
fisherman. Previous to his recognition of Christ as
the Messiah, he had been numbered among the dis-
ciples of John the Baptist. (See John i. 40, 41.)
The career of A., as an apostle, after the death of
Christ, is unknown. Tradition tells us that, after
preaching the gospel in Scythia, Northern Greece,
and Epirus, he suffered martyrdom on the cross at
Patree in Achaia, 62 or 70 A.». A cross formed
of beams obliquely placed is styled St A.’s Cross.
In the early times of the Church, a spurious supple-
ment to the Acts of the Apostles was circulated
among certain sects under the title Acta Andrec.
The anniversary of St 4. falls on November 30. St
A. is the patron saint of Scotland; he is also held in
great veneration in Russia, as the apostle who,
according to tradition, first preached the gospel in
that country. In both countries there is an order of
knighthood named in his honour.
ST ANDREW, or THE THISTLE, a Scottish
order of knighthood, named after the patron saint
of Scotland. Nisbet, with pardonable partiality,
prefers it to all other orders, purely military, ¢ chiefly
for the antiquity of it, which gives it a place and
precedency over all other orders now in being.
(Leraldry, Part iv. c. xi, p. 107.) He then pro-
ceeds, after Bishop Lesley, to recount the story of
the St A’s Cross having appeared in heaven to
Achaius, king of Scots, and Hungus, king of the
Picts, as a sign of the victory which they should
gain the following day over Athelstane, king of
England ; and their subsequent vow, when the pro-
phecy was fulfilled, to bear it on their ensigns and
banners. The recognised date of the order i, how-
ever, no earlier than the reign of James V. Having
fallen into disrepute after the Reformation, it was
revived by James II. of Great Britain in 1687, and
re-established by Queen Anne December 31, 1703.
The star of the Order of the Thistle is worn on
Star of the Order of the Thistle.
the left side. It consists of a St A.’s Cross of silver
embroidery, with rays emanating from between
the points of the cross, in the centre of which is a
thistle of gold and green upon a field of green, sur-
rounded by a circle of green, bearing the motto of
the order in golden characters.
The badge or jewel is worn pendent to the collar,
or to a dark-green ribbon over the left shoulder,
and tied under the arm. It consists of a figure of
St A. with the cross enamelled and chased on rays
of gold ; the cross and feet resting upon the ground
of enamelled green. The collar 1s of thistles, inter-
mingled with sprigs of rue. By a statute passed in
May 1827, the order is to consist of the sovereign
and sixteen knights. The letters K.T. are placed
after the names of knights of the order. The
motto is ¢ Nemo me impune lacessit.’” Nisbet, differ-
ing from Sir Geeorge Mackenzie, prefers ‘lacesset,” as
¢ having more of daring and gallantry.’ e
