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| ‘ ST ANDREW—ANDRIEUX. 
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‘ ST ANDREW, THE RusSIAN ORDER oF, is the |for several centuries. A cave on the sea-shore STAN 
' highest in the empire, and was founded by Peter the | still bears the name of St Rule. He would seem to at M 
Great in 1698. It is confihed to members of the | have founded a Culdee monastery, of which the denu 
imperial family, princes, generals-in-chief, and others | Scottish King Constantine, having resigned his hims 
| of like rank. The badge of the order shews on the | crown, became abbot about the year 940." Probably inter 
obverse a cross enamelled in blue, bearing a figure | about the same time, it became the seat of a prelate, after 
of the saint surmounted by a crown, and in the four | who, as ¢ bishop of the Scots,” continued to enjoy a post 
corners of the cross the letters 8. A. P. R. (Sanctus | certain pre-eminence among the other bishops, until, after 
Andreas Palronus Russie). On the reverse is a |in 1471, the see was erected into an archbishopric, his 
spread eagle, with the legend (in Russian) For religion | when he became primate. In the reign of Alexander | Etow 
and loyalty, and the name of the saint. The collar | I, a priory of Canons Regular was founded at St A., fesso: 
consists of St Andrew’s Crosses alternating with | which afterwards became one of the chief ecclesias- was 
imperial crowns. tical establishments in Scotland. The last prior \{as Louis 
! . . | the Regent Moray. In 1140 St A. was created a 1816 
AND RrEx"VS’Y LaxceLot, an eminent English |30 ]g)y the bish%p, with consent of King David L. 1529, 
prelate, was born in London in 1555, and educated | my,¢ cathedral, commenced in 1162, and consecrated the 
successively at the Coopers’ Free School, Rateliffe, | i 1318, was sacrificed in 1559 to the frenzied zeal His 
Merchant Taylors’ School, and Pembroke Hall, of the mob, an outrage which it is customary to Amis 
Cambridge, of Wiil‘"“h college, after having greatly dis- | 5441046 o the preaching of Knox. The eastern A co 
tinguished h},l},l.se*f by his industry and acquirements, gable, part of the western, and part of the south side unde 
he was in 1576 c%ectod a fellow. On taking orders, | w1 und of the transept, are all that remain of this (Pari 
he accompanied the Farl of Huntingdon to the north building. It was the second cathedral of St A., the 
of England. His talents attracted the mnotice of | gy being what is now called St Rule’s Church, but Al 
V‘%‘LISlngh?fllg,) 1@}11@011 I;hzabetl]ls tsegctz»ry or statet,_ was long known as ‘the old cathedral’ Of this ?1’001} 
1 SUC 1 S o E L $iss . M . ) 
Xlt% Iib%cfig Lt(he 11‘%0;2&?638;1;6@; % . 01:, PJ;;%ZZSL‘; ]ili'(ziejtfilnoj‘httle e(lh‘hce,l bull% be‘:n§x*ee}1) tllfl }1351 doisticr 
In 1589 he was appointed a prebendary and canon | s 100’1Lm<sucmrrl‘<3fi.,iz}1u s i, .O“-d 1 quen: 
ot e s feet high, are still preserved. They are in the 
residentiary of St Paul’s, a prebendary of the colle- Romineaotia atvia posse 
giate church of Southwell, and Master of Pembroke Thce ulilivcrsi%ywof § 1AL the ieldest: i Sestiing in th 
Hall.  The queen next testified her esteem for bis | wos founded by Bishop Wardlaw in 1410. It con man) 
gifts and . piety by appointing him one of her sists of the United College of St Salvator, founded OO 
011&}?1&1}13 in ordinary, and a prebendary and dean of by Bishop Kennedy in 1456, and St Leonard, two 
}g;esrfn?;lxstfr. Ilie IOS? Stlfi lllg.lil.%l‘ ill.L fa:fom: Wig‘: founded in 1512; and St Mary’s College, founded Sc& : 
B Solion, WD Was well qualfied to 8ppreciate | he Baaton in~1537.. The: educstion in’the:latter is A 
his extensive learning and peculiar style of oratory. exclusively theological. The number of chairs in Al 
Ee a‘.;ftea(‘tfl_l t}llew; Hfilnl’l)tf’llw?of“}fb : Coilicl'elicei{' 83 1the colleges which constitute the university is 14, dang 
o 5, S ki commisgionersy, 000 ok | S sndano o L e s e s 
on which he was engaced was the first twelve o bl,‘m ?GO'- ,-j‘he .PLLMN’, Qm:e‘a: \ery}e‘\t“oil m;?\e‘ Tliad 
books of the Old Testament. In 1605 he was con- anl{i, L l)ufld‘lng; s }}u,? }m}f' B%VL “\ - :101 fatho 
secrated Bishop of Chichester. In 1609 he was | o2 tlm? v 1105190%1(;@ ,vof (’fl‘l,dm{; wf(m’“ 1(1) 1S pa 
translated to the sce of Ely, and appointed one of a8 s %mi?b‘m%tfif : 1 946, “As t‘m, CC()E T)nb = oy 
his majesty’s privy-councillors, both for England me,tloi)OhS T greliancaan ey 1 i e gest] 
and Scotland. o ‘ihe latter country he accompimed 0 he sootiiee 1(-2t P oOER tm.f@’ U,t SAaHE sho 
the king in 1617, as one of the 10]&1 instruments for S 13{1119 & t-l,.m “ef i rma,tfion_, B, fml'{ormnt Al gt 
2 o e s : _ | flourishing city. Since that period, it has greatly ward 
persuading tLhe Scotch of the superiority of episcopacy | qeclined in importance ; but its excellent educational by w 
D T e L TS e K0 BN | talbents and onvenince 2 0 waicing pcs o 
1625. Bishop A. was, with the exception of Usher T }11::1:0 b0 ohpble rerIaones }01 3 hély ’ Al 
; 3 B Fe WORY o s e PO I respectable population. Tts chief interest is still 7 
the most learned Eng s;l11 theologian of his time. A8 3 onnected with the past. Here, in the centre of the | Ceph 
Iil;e‘?‘"'h,lef” 11101“'5}3&‘CSW(‘C%])V, his C;?.%Onll’flia}‘leslf‘s papal jurisdiction in Scotland, the Reformation first ’ roné;w 
unrivalled ; but the excellent qualities of his dis- 0 G Tl e sty e S S i i e moth 
| courses are aptto suffer much depreciation in ?}%fickhfifli}jkfi11rz??il’ufifégtiql}:ilf-fl%h0;2011](1;Lloi,flg | 
‘ S o g e e b ¢ HLamuton, sul ey Pals Qi SR e 
?%.0(:.[‘5nfif‘(}%}%fil‘t,ié?{? LPCI e‘("l,%l,‘zdy‘,Mf}‘iim’{ :”11‘1 Wishart in 1546, and here John Knox first opened | 
Tigle caaracter ol the style, IHis principal works |pig 1ing ag'a preacher of the Reformed faith. The | 
plwlishelfl during his life were two treatises in reply | trade of St A. is inconsiderable. The harbour is | 
to Cardinal Bellarmin, in defence of the right of | gigiouty of access, and particularly exposed to the | 
princes over ecfldcsmsmc;fi assemblies. His other ast -wind. A few coasters and Hshing boits: eon- 
wafkts. Con&g? 10[ si{mons, tl}eetures% and nh};l""flfl; Oi stitute all the shipping of the port. St A. is much 
S : £e T S e : is more practised than anywhere else in Scotland 
seen a faint revival under the name of Puseyism. |, 4o Links or downs which stretch along the 
Itb d}ghl;@hV@ pocuharfmes lwcro .hlgh RGNS of eccle- shore to the north of the town for about two ililes. 
siastical authority, and of the efficacy of sacraments, | pocides its university, St A. affords singular advan- 
ceremonies, and apostolic succession, and extreme tages for cheap and excellent education in the 
| opposition to Puritanism. In his private life, A.|ppqrag College, established by the well-known Dr 
| was singularly pious, meek, and charitable. Andrew Bell, which attracts a very large number of 
ANDREWS, Sr, an ancient city of Scotland, | pupils, the annual average being about 900. The 
is situated on the bay of the same name, in Fife- | grammar school and commercial school are ncor- 
shire, about 10 miles from Cupar, and 44 miles from | porated with . St A. is a royal and parhamental_‘y 
Edinburgh. Tradition dates the origin of this city as | burgh, and unites with several sma}br burghs in 
far back as the 9th c., when St Regulus or Rule is |returning a member to parhfizune_nt. The corporation 
gaid to have taken refuge in this place, then called |includes a Provost,. dean of guild, and four bailies. 
Mucros, and afterward Kilrymont, bringing with | Pop. in 1851-—parish, 6740 ; parliamentary burgh, 
him some of the bones of St Andrew, which, being en- 5107. 
shrined here, continued to be an object of pilgrimage | ANDRIEUX, FrAx¢ols GUILLAUME JEAN An 
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