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ANDROGYNOUS—ANDRONICUS.
STANISLAUS, a French writer of comedies, was born
at Melun, May 6, 1759. In 1798, he was elected
deputy of the Seine department, and distinguished
himself by his speeches on several points of public
interest. In 1800 he was made Secretary, and soon
afterwards, President of the Tribunal. From this
post he was removed by Bonaparte in 1802, and
afterwards devoted himself to literature. During
his political career he had written a comedy, Les
Eltourdis, 1787. From 1803 to 1815 he held a pro-
fessorship in the Polytechnic School, and in 1814
was appointed professor in the Collége de France.
Louis XVIIL gave him a place in the Academy in
1816, of which he was made perpetual secretary in
1829. In this position he took an active part in
the preparation of the Dictionnaire de U Académie.
His most popular dramas were Moliere awec ses
Amis, Le Vieur Fat, and the tragedy of Brutus.
A collection of his sesthetic lectures was published
under the title La Philosophie des Belles Lettres
(Paris, 1828). He died May 10, 1833.
ANDRO'GYNOUS (i e., male-female ; from two
Greek words), a term sometimes employed in botany
to designate an inflorescence which consists of
distinct male and female flowers; and more fre-
quently in zoology in reference to animals which
possess a distinct male and female generative system
in the same individual. This is the case with very
many of the lower kinds of animals, but is not
inconsistent with a necessity for the co-operation of
two individuals in the propagation of the species.
See HERMAPHRODITE, PHYSIOLOGY and REPRODUC-
TION.
ANDRO'MACHE, the wife of Hector, was the
daughter of King Eétion of Thebes, in Cilicia, and
is one of the finest female characters in Homer’s
Iliad. During her childhood, Achilles slew her
father and her seven brothers. Her love of Hector
is pathetically depicted in her address to the hero on
his going to battle, and her lamentation over his
death ([liad, 6 and 24). After the fall of Troy,
she was given into the hands of Pyrrhus (son of
Achilles), who took her away to Ipirus, but after-
wards surrendered her to Helenus (Hector’s brother),
by whom she had a son named Cestrinus, A. is the
heroine of one of the tragedies of Euripides.
ANDRO'MEDA, daughter of the Ethiopian king
Cepheus, by Cassiopeia, was, like her mother,
remarkably beautiful. ~When Cassiopeia, with
motherly pride, boasted that her daughter was more
o= beautiful than the Nereids,
these offended deities prayed
Neptune to revenge the
insult. Accordingly, the ter-
ritory of King Cepheus was
devastated by a flood; and
a terrible sea-monster ap-
peared, whose wrath, the
oracle of Ammon declared,
could only be appeased by
the sacrifice of A. As A.
was fastened to a rock,
and left as a prey to the
monster, Perseus, returning
from his victorious battle
with Medusa, saw the beau-
tiful victim, and determined
to rescue and win her.
Having slain the sea-monster,
he received A. as his reward.
\ Minerva gave A. a place
\,\ among the constellations.
“ZC ANDRO'MEDA, a genus
Andromeda polifolia. of plants of the natural
Lo
order Lricaceee (q. v.), distinguished by a 5-valved
naked capsule, which splits up through the back
of the cells ; anthers with two awns, and a globose
corolla with the orifice contracted. The species,
which are pretty numerous, have very much the
general appearance of heaths. Most of them are
small shrubs, but some attain a considerable size.
The only British species is 4. polifolia, occasionally
found in peat-bogs in different parts of the country,
and common throughout the north of Europe and
of North America, a small evergreen shrub with
beautiful rose-coloured drooping flowers. It has
acrid mnarcotic properties, and sheep are sometimes
killed by eating it. The shoots of 4. ovalifolia in
like manner poison gosta in Nepaul ; and similar
effects are ascribed to 4. Mariana and other species
in the United States.—A4. fasitgiaie was observed
by Dr Hooker abounding at great elevations in the
Himalaya ; a humble shrub, resembling the heather
of Scotland. The leaves are used as a substitute
for tea. See SORREL-TREE.
ANDRONI'CUS, the name of three Byzantine
emperors.—A. I, the son of Isaac Commnenus, was
one of the most conspicuous characters of his age,
which produced no man more brave, more profligate,
or more perfidious. His life was full of extraordinary
vicissitudes. During part of his youth, he was a
prisoner of the Turks in Asia Minor. He afterwards
spent some time at the court of his cousin, the
Emperor Manuel, and a niece of the emperor became
his mistress. He wasg appointed to a military
command in Cilicia; but although his courage, his
noble appearance, and his gracious manners made
him the favourite of the army, his imprudence and
wasbe of time in dissolute pleasures involved him in
defeat. Having engaged in a treasonable correspond-
ence with the king of Hungary and the German
emperor, he was thrown into prison by Manuel, and
remained there above twelve years; but at last
succeeded in making his escape, and, although not
without further extraordinary adventures, reached
Kiew, the residence of the Grand Duke Jaroslav.
He regained the favour of his cousin by persuading
the Russian prince to join him in the invasion of
Hungary, and by his gallantry in that war; but
incurred his displeasure again by refusing to take
the oath of allegiance to the Prince of Hungary, the
intended husband of Manuel’s daughter, as pre-
sumptive heir to the empire. He was sent in
honourable banishment to Cilicia, where he found
a new mistress in a sister of the empress. The
resentment of the emperor breaking out against him,
he sought refuge in a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. His
professions of zeal made his former conduct to be
forgotten, and he was invested with the lordship
of Berytus; but his proflicacy became, if possible,
more scandalous than ever in the seduction of Theo-
dora, the widow of Baldwin, king of Jerusalem,
who lived with him for years as his mistress. The
emperor’s anger made Palestine unsafe for him, and
he fled with Theodora to Damascus, and finally
settled among the Turks in Asia Minor, with a band
of outlaws, making frequent inroads into the Roman
province of Trebizond, from which he carried away
spoil and slaves. Theodora and her children were
at last taken and sent to Constantinople, and thither
he followed, imploring, with a chain about his neck,
and in a form of abject submission, the forgiveness
of the emperor, which he obtained, but was sent to
Oenoe in Pontus. After the death of Manuel,
popular indignation was excited against the empress,
who acted as regent for her son, Alexius IL, and A.
was recalled in 1182 to deliver the empire from her
tyranny. He was appointed guardian of the young
emperor, and soon after, his colleague in the empire.
He caused the empress-mother to be stranglgili and
