, thrown out
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mtinent, the
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, of which he
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mployed by
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of Lthnology,
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' gave him a
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of sculpture.
accompanied
he battle of
here he was
BARTOLOMEO—BARYTA.
subsequently appointed director of the sculpture
department in the Academy of the Fine Arts, an
office he retained till his death in 1850. B. was a
very prolific artist. Besides the works already
mentioned, B. executed busts of Cherubini, Mehul,
Madame Regnauld, a magnificent statue of Napo-
leon I. (now in America), several exquisite sepul-
chral monuments, such as that of Lady Strat-
ford Canning in the cathedral of Lausanne, and
various groups, the most celebrated of which are his
¢ Charity,” and ¢ Hercules and Lycus.”’ In England
and France, his style is in general greatly esteemed;
in Germany, it is less highly thought of. His
figures are characterised by their truthfulness of
proportion and classic repose, though they also
possess a remarkably lifelike expression. After
Canova, B. is reckoned the most distinguished
Italian sculptor of modern times.
BARTOLOME'O, SAN, a town of Naples, in the
province of Capitanata, with a population of 5400.
BARTOLO'ZZI, FRANCESCO,an eminent engraver,
was born in Florence about 1730. After practising
his art under Wagner of Venice, he went to
Rome, where he executed his admired plates from
the life of St Nilus. He was afterwards commis-
sioned by Mr Dalton, librarian of George III., to
engrave a series of drawings by Guercino, and
was induced by the same gentleman to settle in
England. Here B. produced his spirited and highly
finished engravings of the ¢ Virgin and Child’ after
Carlo Dolei, and “Clytie’ after Annibale Carracci,
which entitle him to occupy the front rank in his
profession. He also engraved numerous specimens of
the works of his friend Giovanni Cipriani, of Michael
Angelo, Cantarini, Cortona, &c., with equal truth
and effect. B. likewise enriched Alderman Boydell’s
Shakspeare Gallery with many fine engravings. In
1802 he received a flattering invitation from the
Prince Regent of Portugal, to take the superintend-
ence of a school of engravers at Lisbon, whither he
repaired three years afterwards, in his seventy-fifth
year, and there resided until his death in 1818. He
was the father of Madame Vestris, the celebrated
comedian.
BA'RTON, BrrNARD, an English poet, born
3lst January 1784, in London. His parents were
members of the Society of Friends, to the tenets of
which body B. adhered through life. In 1810 he
became clerk to a banking-house at Woodbridge, in
which situation he continued until within two years
of his death. His first poetical efforts, published in
1812 under the title of Metrical Effusions, brought
him into correspondence with the poet Southey.
Poems by an Amatewr (1818), and Poems (Lond.
1820), increased his reputation, and gained him the
friendship of Lamb and Byron. Napoleon and other
Poems appeared in 1822, and was followed within
five years by several other productions. All the
poems of B. are pervaded by pious sentiment, and
some passages display much natural tenderness and
religious fervour; but he is, on the whole, rather a
fluent, pleasant versifier than a poet. So early as
1824, a reading-club founded by him in Wood-
bridge collected the sum of £1200 sterling, and pre-
sented it to him. Some years before his death, he
received, through Sir Robert Peel, a pension of £100
sterling. In addition to the works mentioned, he
published Fisher’s Juvenile Scrap-book (Lond. 1836),
The Reliquary (Lond. 1836), and Household Verses
(Lond. 1845). After his death, which took place
suddenly, 19th February 1849, his daughter pub-
lished Selections from the Poems and Letters of
Bernard Barton (Lond. 1849).
BARTON, ErizABerH, commonly called ¢the
Holy Maid of Kent,’ a wretched creature, subject to
46
spasmodic nervous affections, during which she gave
utterance to incoherent exclamations and phrases.
About the year 1525, she was servant in a tavern at
Aldington, in Kent; and the cunning priest of the
parish seeing her in her paroxysms, on the strength
of her misfortune conceived the idea of presenting
her to the world as a prophetess. Under his direc-
tions, she played her part so well that not only the
common people, but even men of intellect and edu-
cation like Sir Thomas More, and Barham, the
Archbishop of Canterbury, were deceived by her.
The former, however, afterwards recognised her
true character. She became a nun, and when, in
1532, Henry VIIL quarrelled with the court of
Rome, she was induced to denounce loudly the
king’s. separation from his first wife, and his
marriage with Anne Boleyn, and even to prophesy
his death. Being arrested by the king’s command,
along with her accomplices, she made before the
judges a confession, which was afterwards publicly
repeated before the people, of the fraud which had
been perpetrated, and was sentenced to ecclesias-
tical penance and to imprisonment. She was after-
wards accused of high treason, and executed along
with some of her accomplices in 1534.
BA'RTON BEDS, a group of strata, composed of
clay and sand, and forming part of the Middle Eocene
formation, included in the Bagshot series (q. v.).
BA'RTON-ON-HU'MBER, a town in North
Lincolnshire, on the south side of the Humber,
six miles south-west of Hull. It is a very ancient
place, having been one of the chief ports of the
Humber before the foundation of Hull. It was once
surrounded by a rampart and fosse, as a protection
against the incursions of the Danes and Saxons.
Until recently, the ferry across the Humber, on
the great road from London to Hull, was here; but
the London and Hull inland traffic has now been
diverted from B. by the steam-ferry at New Holland,
six miles below Barton. The chief manufactures
are ropes, sacking, bricks, tiles, pottery, and whiting.
There are quarries of chalk and oolite. The tower
of St Peter’s Church, which was built about the
time of the Conquest, has both round and pointed
arches ; and, with the part of the building to the
west, constitutes one of the few existing examples
of undoubted Anglo-Saxon architecture. St Mary’s
Church is a handsome structure of the 14th c. Pop.
3866.
BA'RTU, a fine woolly substance found at the base
of the leaves of the Saguerus saccharifer (also
called Arenga saccharifera), one of the most valuable
sago-palms of the Indian Archipelago. It is much
employed in calking ships, in stuffing cushions, and
for other similar purposes.
BA'RUCH (i e., the Blessed), the son of Neriah,
was the person to whom the prophet Jeremiah dic-
tated his oracles. During the siege of Jerusalem by
Nebuchadnezzar, both he and the prophet were, by
their own countrymen, shut up in a narrow prison,
but obtained from the conqueror freedom and per-
mission to choose their own residence. B. remained
for some time in Palestine, but afterwards accom-
panied Jeremiah to Egypt. His subsequent history
18 unknown. An apocryphal work in the Greek
language has come down to us under his name—
viz., the Book of B., which containg words of com-
fort for the Israelites, and predicts the rebuilding of
Jerusalem. There is usually appended to if, as
chapters vi. and vii., a letter—also apocryphal—of
the prophet Jeremiah to the exiles in Babylon.
BA'RWOOD. See CAMWOOD.
BARY'TA, or BARY'TES, or Oxide of Barium
(q.v.)—symbol BaO—is the earth present in the
minerals witherite (carbonate of B.) and lLeavylspar
72
