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SPECTRAL CHANGES OF LASER INDUCED CHLOROPHYLL 
FLUORESCENCE IN CROP LEAVES BY TEMPERATURE, AIR- 
POLLUTANTS AND GENETIC INHERITANCES 
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be published), 
'lenum Press, New 
K. Takahashi, K. Mineuchi, H. Kobayashi, N. Sakurai, A. Komatsu, M. Takahashi, 
T. Nakamura, M. Koizumi* and H. Kano* 
Kisarazu National College of Technology, Kisarazu, Chiba 292; 
‘National Institute of Agrobiological Resources, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan 
ABSTRACT 
Spectral changes of laser induced chlorophyll 
fluorescence in intact crop leaves by temperature, air- 
polhitants and genetic inheritances were examined by 
resolving the spectra into tentative fluorescence eminer 
components, F680, F685, F695, F725, F745 and other 
one or two minor emitters at longer wavelengths. 
Emissions of F680 and F685 were considered to be 
related to peripheral antenna of photosystem II, F695 
core antenna of photosystem II, F725 core antenna of 
photosystem I and F745 peripheral antenna of 
photosystem I based on differences among spectra of 
leaves of rice wild-type and chlorina mutant plants 
excited with Ar (477 & 488 nm) or diode (693 nm) laser 
lights, and leaves of rice wild-type plants preilluminated 
photosystem II. Emissions from peripheral antenna of 
photosystem II were sensitive to high temperature and 
fumigation with exhaust gases of automobiles. 
Fumigation of gases containing O 3 reduced emission 
from peripheral antenna of photosystem L Fluorescence 
spectra of leaves affected severely by O 3 showed reduced 
emissions from peripheral antenna of photosystem II as 
well as photosystem I, which resembled those of the 
chlorina mutant plants completely lacking light 
harvesting peripheral antenna chlorophylls (LHC). 
Measurement of spectral changes of laser induced 
chlorophyll fluorescence is useful to monitor affections 
of photosynthesis in vegetation from environmental 
conditions in remote sensing. 
KEY-WORDS: Air-pollutants fumigations, Chlorina 
mutants, High temperature, Kidney bean, Laser induced 
chlorophyll fluorescence, Rice. 
1. INTRODUCTION 
Laser induced fluorescence (LIF) in plant leaves is a 
hopeful means for monitoring terrestrial vegetations 
(Chappelle et al., 1984; Takahashi et al., 1988), 
environments of which have been greatly varied by 
human living producing many sorts of air-pollutants 
snd inducing global irregular climate. Spectra of 
fluorescence induced by projecting Ar or He-Ne laser 
light on intact plant leaves have two peaks around 685 
nm (Fn) and 740 nm (Fi), which show induction kinetics 
characteristic of chlorophyll fluorescence (Kocsanyi et 
al., 1988; Rinderie & Lichtenthaler, 1988; Takahashi et 
al., 1991). The spectral profile varies according as 
changes of intrinsic and extrinsic conditions of the 
leaves. Intensity of the F] peak against the Fn peak 
(Fi/Fn ratio) is linearly elevated with increasing 
chlorophyll content, which may be usable to know 
chlorophyll content of leaves in remote sensing 
(Takahashi et al., 1991). 
In this investigation, in order to know effects of 
environmental conditions on photosystems in intact 
leaves, spectral changes of laser induced chlorophyll 
fluorescence by high temperature and fumigation of 
air-pollutants in rice and kidney bean leaves were 
measured and analyzed by resolving into emitter 
components referring to spectra of rice wild-type and 
chlorina mutant plants. Results may provide many 
applications of LIF for monitoring terrestrial vegetations 
in remote sensing. 
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) wild-type plants (cv. 
Nipponbare and Norin 8 ) and chlorina mutant plants 
which are partly deficient in chlorophyll b (CMV-15, 
CMV-16 and CMV-17) and completely lacking 
chlorophyll b (MGS -88 and CMV-44) (Kano, 1987; 
Kano et al., 1988), and kidney bean (Phaseohts vulgaris) 
plants were grown in a great house under natural light at 
28°C in the day time and 23°C at night. Chlorophyll 
contents in leaves of rice wild-type plants were varied 
by controlling the supply of nutrients. Kidney bean 
plants were subjected to fumigations with exhaust gases 
of an automobile containing 30 ppm and 90 ppm 
nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and 3 ppm and 12 ppm sulphur 
dioxide (SO 2 ) for 1 h, or fumigations with gases containing 
O 3 at concentrations of 0.7 ppm and 0.9 ppm for 1 h 
followed by incubation under natural light conditions for 
24 h. Concentrations of NOx and SO 2 were measured 
by a gas tester system (GASTEC Co. US, Kanagawa,