ifier (512 sampling points, 
icons in, U.SA.). Spectra 
:n induced fluorescence 
imately 1 s after initiation 
:asurements were carried 
periments for effects of 
i were transferred to a 
system (Seki Technotron 
ubjected to correction of 
wavelengths. Then spectra 
e fluorescence emitter 
a by curve fitting with a 
301RA, Kawasaki, Japan) 
LTS 
chlorophyll fluorescence 
ice spectrum of a rice leaf 
hlorophylls showed two 
I 740 nm (Fi) (Fig. la) as 
s (Kocsanyi et al., 1988; 
1; Takahashi et al., 1991). 
st the Fi peak by raising 
lb). The spectral shape 
temperature was raised to 
l the peaks grew shallow, 
the spectra were resolved 
components, F680, F685, 
ther one or two emitters 
0 - F790). Changes in 
ng temperature are shown 
>egan to decrease at 40°C, 
\ while those of F695 and 
chlorophyll fluorescence 
iperature were observed 
ie fumigated with air- 
iTURE PC) 
’tions of the emitters in 
temperatures. The data 
ymbols indicate # F680, 
d A F745. 
650 680 710 740 770 800 
WAVELENGTH (nm) 
L i i i Li Y J-.. 
650 680 710 740 770 800 
WAVELENGTH (nm) 
Fig. 3 Effects of exhaust gases of an automobile on 
chlorophyll fluorescence of kidney bean leaves. 
Chlorophyll contents were approximately 30 nmol cm ' 2 
in all leaves. A control leaf (a), and leaves treated with 
exhaust gases containing 30 ppm NO x and 3 ppm SO 2 
(b), and 90 ppm NO x and 12 ppm SO 2 (c) for 1 h were 
excited by the Ar laser light (477 & 488 nm). 
pollutants from automobiles. Typical changes of the 
spectra by treatments with exhaust gases of an 
automobile containing sulphur oxides and nitrogen 
oxides are shown in Fig. 3. In the spectrum of a leaf 
affected by the exhaust gas containing 30 ppm NO x and 
3 ppm S0 2 (Fig. 3b), the Fi peak against the Fn peak was 
larger than in the spectrum of a control leaf (Fig. 3a). 
The Fn peak declined further in the spectrum of a leaf 
severely affected by the exhaust gas containing 90 ppm 
N 0 X and 12 ppm SO 2 and only the Fi peak remained 
(Tig. 3c). Based on resolution analysis of the spectra, 
proportions of F680 and F685 decreased with increase of 
concentrations of the air-pollutants. Emissions of F695 
and F725 slightly increased. On the contrary, the Fi/Fn 
ratio decreased by the fumigation with gas containing 0.7 
Ppm O3 for 1 h followed by a 24 h incubation (Fig. 4 b). 
The bend between the two peaks disappeared in the leaf 
severely injured by the gas containing 0.9 ppm O 3 (Fig. 
4c)- Emission from F 745 was sensitive to O 3 gas and 
Fig. 4 Effects of O 3 on chlorophyll fluorescence of 
kidney bean leaves. Chlorophyll contents of the leaves 
were (a) 24.0 nmol cm' 2 , (b) 24.0 nmol cm ' 2 and (c) 
26.2 nmol cm' 2 . A control leaf (a), and leaves treated 
with gases containing 0.7 ppm (b) and 0.9 ppm (c) O 3 
for 1 h followed by a 24 h incubation in a green house at 
28°C in the day time and 23°C al night were excited by 
the Ar laser light (477 & 488 nm). 
those from F680 and F685 were also reduced by further 
damage of the leaves. 
Elevations of he Fi/Fn ratio were observed by 
preilluminations of photosystem II. Effects of 
preillumination by lights of various wavelengths on 
chlorophyll fluorescence of rice wild-type plant leaves 
are shown in Fig. 5. Preillumination by halogen light 
through a 660 nm interference filter increased the Fi/F n 
ratio while that by the halogen light through a 700 nm 
interference filter showed no significant effect on a dark 
adapted leaf (Fig. 5a). The change was significant by 
preillumination of He-Ne laser light (633 nm) with high 
energy (Fig. 5c) and became more prominent by that of 
Ar laser light (477 & 488 nm) (Fig. 5d). By the 
preilluminations of He-Ne and Ar laser lights, 
proportions of F680 and F685 decreased while that of 
F745 increased. 
Spectral changes of chlorophyll fluorescence in rice