WORKING GROUP 9 
MILES 
463 
bildende Ursprungsmaterial ist unterteilt in bautechnische Bodengruppen innerhalb zweier 
Hauptgruppierungen, Kompaktgestein und losem Material, Geländeformen gruppieren sich 
nach der Form und den sie schaffenden Kräften. Die Gruppierung der bau technischen Böden 
erfolgt nach einem Erfahrungssystem. 
Die hier entworfene Untersuchung von Geländeformen, Ursprungsmaterial und bautechni 
schen Böden vermittels Luftbildauswertung kann durchgeführt werden von Bauingenieuren 
selbst mit begrenzter Erfahrung in der Geologie und Bodenkunde. 
Introduction 
The location, design and construction of civil and military works is the realm 
of specialization of the Civil Engineer. All of these works embrace considerable 
land area and frequently varying terrain types. Civil engineers early recognized 
the value of photogrammetry as a method of mapping topographic features and 
planimetric details of these large areas. The civil engineer uses aerial photo 
graphs and photogrammetric products in the reconnaissance stage, the prelim 
inary engineering stage and the final location and design stage. The integration 
of photogrammetry with electronic computers is extending the ability of the 
civil engineer to develop the most economical location and design by quan 
titative analysis of the terrain and land use. 
In the early applications of photogrammetry, some engineers recognized 
also the value of the aerial photographs to qualitative analysis of the natural 
terrain. Most of the analysis was intuitive and based on previous field examina 
tion of analogous areas. Investigation of aerial photographs revealed char 
acteristics of drainage, surface form, photo tones and other photo elements that 
could be correlated with broad classes of engineering materials. 
The correlations by engineers developed around the scientific concepts of 
geomorphology and pedology. The engineer investigated the literature on 
geomorphic forms and the agricultural soil series. He made field correlation 
studies of engineering structure performance with airphoto patterns of land 
forms, parent materials, and agricultural soil profiles [8]. He developed photo 
interpretation manuals to assist in the interpretation process by analogy and 
to impart knowledge of the technique to others [3]. 
The inference techniques developed by engineers for airphoto interpretation 
studies have evolved in two general forms. One form is based on airphoto 
pattern descriptions of land forms [4]. The other form is based on airphoto 
pattern descriptions of parent material types correlated with agricultural soil 
catenas and series [6]. Both forms have contributed to advancing the technique 
of airphoto interpretation [2]. Both forms are of value in making estimates of 
engineering soil types by the technique of airphoto interpretation. 
The primary purpose of the inference technique of airphoto interpretation 
is to evaluate the photo image and classify it into discrete units of different 
engineering characteristics. The terrain may be subdivided into units with 
different construction problems as rock versus “drift” or soil. Here, “soil” is 
defined in the engineering sense as all earthen material from the rubbish of a 
man-made fill to a partially cemented material (except shale) that can be 
worked by normal hand construction methods. The term “drift” is preferred