TABLE 4 
Landsat Thematic Mapper Bands and Transformations Used in 
Statistical Analysis 
.ysis 
ldex^ 
.on 
5 
c 
5X 
5 
;er 
:er 
Lte involved 
copper, 
usually 
netals pre- 
the latter 
plant for 
Band 
Band 
Band 
Band 
Band 
Band 
1 (TM1) 
2 (TM2) 
3 (TM3) 
4 (TM4) 
5 (TM5) 
7 (TM7) 
Landsat 
TM Band 
Band 
4 - Band 1 
(BD1 ) 
Band Difference 
Band 
4 - Band 2 
(BD2) 
Band 
4 - Band 3 
(BD3) 
Band 
4 - Band 5 
(BD5) 
Band 
4 - Band 7 
(BD7) 
Band 
4/Band 1 
(R41 ) 
Simple Band Ratio 
Band 
4/Band 2 
(R42) 
Band 
4/Band 3 
(R43) 
Band 
4/Band 5 
(R45) 
Band 
4/Band 7 
( R47 ) 
Band 
2/Band 3 
(R23) 
Band 
3/Band 1 
(R31 ) 
Band 
5/Band 7 
(R57) 
Normalised Difference 
1 
(TMB) Brightness Index 
1 
(TMG) Greenness Index 
1 
(TMW) Wetness Index 
First Principal Component (PC1) 
Second Principal Component (PC2) 
Third Principal Component (PC3) 
Source: 1. Crist (1983) 
(Band 
4 
- Band 
1)/(Band 
4 
+ 
Band 
1) 
(ND1 ) 
(Band 
4 
- Band 
2)/(Band 
4 
+ 
Band 
2) 
(ND2 ) 
(Band 
4 
- Band 
3)/(Band 
4 
+ 
Band 
3) 
(ND3) 
(Band 
4 
- Band 
5)/(Band 
4 
+ 
Band 
5) 
(ND5) 
(Band 
4 
- Band 
7)/(Band 
4 
+ 
Band 
7) 
(ND7) 
0.3037(TM1) 
+0.5585(TM4) 
-0.2848(TM1) 
+0.7243(TM4) 
+ 0.2793(TM2) 
+ 0.5082(TM5) 
- 0.2435(TM2) 
+ 0.0840(TM5) 
+ 0.4743(TM3) 
+0.1863(TM7) 
- 0.5436(TM3) 
- 0.1800(TM7) 
0.1509(TM1) + 0.1973(TM2) +0.3279(TM3) 
+0.3406(TM4) - 0.7112(TM5) - 0.4572(TM7) 
;rous refer- 
containing 
sad, and 
sf these 
Eor zinc 
al. , 1965; 
correlation 
ic content 
and needle 
with the 
ito the 
ports the 
the spruce 
ited manner 
in the tree 
ihanisms, 
id copper is 
ns operating 
and copper 
le most part, 
t system. As 
i the trees 
from the 
affects that 
n a tree's 
3 , if not 
netals may 
oolism in 
ny of the 
s and trans- 
formations to discriminate changes in the 
spectral response of the spruce tree canopy 
associated with increasing levels of copper, 
lead, and zinc in the underlying soil and 
their much weaker capacity to do so with 
respect to needle metal content further 
supports the premiss that the primary cen 
tre of heavy metal toxicity in the spruce 
trees resides in their root systems and not 
in their foliar parts. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was supported 
by a joint grant from the Austrian Ministry 
of Science and Research and the Scientific 
Research Office of the government of Styria. 
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