484 
3 8 00 
36.30 
¿£oo 
39^30 
V777Û 
10 0 
(mm) 
400 - 
3 60- 
3 20 - 
Regional Boundary 
District Boundary 
Unpaved Road 
2 80- 
Paved ftoad 
River 
2 40- 
Project site 
Urban centre - (City) 
2 00- 
20 40 60Kms 
16 0 — 
1 20- 
Railway Line 
Key : 
(^^25 Contour line 
^~\nS\r River 
Project Boundary 
Road 
Figure 1- Location map and topographical conlour map ot Makurunge Irrigation farm , Bagamoyo 
1.5 Soil resources 
Soil is the unconsolidated mineral material 
on the immediate surface of the earth that 
serves as a natural medium for the growth 
of plants. The soils morphological cha 
racteristics reflect the environment and 
are used to group the soils into use - ori 
ented units or patterns, and to classify 
soils according to the processes involved 
in their formation. 
2. SOIL SURVEY PROCEDURE 
Material and instruments 
2.1, 
The soil propeties considered in this 
soil survey study for classification were 
texture, structure, consistency, and dra 
inage with flooding water regime. The 
soils in the farm are pedologically termed 
as young. They a. c nydromorphic. River 
flooding has resulted in the formation of 
young soils, classified as Juvenile soils 
which have been 1ormed as a result of 
deposition of riverine and Lucustrine 
alluvium. 
Before starting the fieldwork aerial photo- 
inter pretation of the project area was 
done vising the mirror stereoscope on ove 
rlays. Photographs were taken in 1966. 
Their scale was 1:50,OOu. Despite the fact 
that photographs used in this soil survey 
were quite old there were no great diffe 
rences between the images on the photogra 
phs and the present features found on the 
terrain. This is because landuse and ve 
getation had not changed much since 1966 
(the time when photographs wore taken). 
The Qua], ity of the photographs was quite 
good. They were printed on semimatt photo 
paper. Their over lap was 60%. In total 
15 photographs were used for completing 
the inter pretation. Their sizes were 
23 x 23cm. Together with the aerial-photo 
graphs a topographical map sheet of scale 
80- 
40- 
J F 
KEY: 
Figure 
1:100, 
shing 
nap iva 
capes. 
2.2. R 
A one 
cted t 
lize w 
the so 
the fa 
fac tor 
1. 
ble du 
grass) 
plain 
wi th b 
the ma 
also h 
he s . 
2. 
trees 
cl eari 
to tnov 
3. 
inhabi 
thvis a 
to saf 
Rhysio 
D.1967