Throiuih the utilization of the on-line and real-time capabilities of digital close-range 
photogrammetric systems a world of exciting new applications opens up. This is 
confirmed by the research and pilot projects which our group has either already conducted 
or is currently working on: 
« Surface measurement of human faces (medicine) 
• Tooth measurement ("Videodentography") (dentistry') 
• Human movement studies (biomechanics) 
• Determination of insect trajectories (biology, pharmacy) 
• Architectural structures (architecture, monument preservation) 
• Measurement of car bodies (industrial design and quality control) 
• Measurement of airplane surface patches and jet engine parts 
(industrial inspection and material testing) 
• Highresoiution 3-D turbulent flow (hydromechanics) 
• Table tennis robot (robotics) 
Also, the presentations at the Symposium of ISPRS Commission V in Ziirich (ISPRS 
Commission V Symposium 1990) indicated that photogrammetrists have taken on the 
challenge and that the cooperation and coordination with colleagues from other disciplines 
is already showing positive results. 
In general we see a very good opportunity for our discipline to grow into other areas, to 
contribute to many modern and promising applications and to secure for our profession 
interesting and rew'arding new fields of activity. 
3 . Consequences for the educational sector 
The fast change in technology, methodology and required products must have a severe 
impact on educational concepts, both in curriculum structures and course contents. 
The quality of educational concepts will have to be measured with criteria like 
• Comprehensive thinking in the context of systems as opposed to the control of spotted 
skills 
• Creative, independent thinking as opposed to receptive learning; intellectual education 
instead of pure conveyance of facts 
• Capability for interdisciplinary and team w'ork complementary' to individualised study 
ability 
• Flexibility of curriculum with respect to fast adaptation to quickly changing 
technologies and professional conditions as opposed to static, frictional, everlasting 
concepts 
• Project oriented coursework and exemplary studies as opposed to striving for 
completeness in the conveyance of detailed procedural knowledge 
• Modularity of curriculum with respect to the consideration of permanent continuing 
education as opposed to the concept of a one-in-a-lifetime program 
• Reponsibility of the graduate with respect to his or her own products in the context of 
the requirements of the human society 
For the surveying engineer it will be of utmost importance in the future to acquire a better 
understanding of many areas in basic subjects like mathematics and physics and in 
supporting subjects like electrical engineering and computer science. Therefore the first 
emphasis should be on the strengthening of mathematics and physics. This provides for a 
solid basis for technical flexibility and the ability to acquire new technical knowiedge 
without excessive expenditure. 
Beside the classical foundations a number of relevant new fundamentals play a major role, 
being nowadays taught as computer science (e.g. microcomputer architecture, data