resolution of multispectral images by an transformation of the multispectral images 
from red/green/blue to intensity/hue/saturation (IHS), change of the intensity 
channel against the panchromatic channel and back transformation to red/green/blue. 
Tests have shown the improvement of object identification by this combination. But 
the benefit for mapping has been limited. 
The figures in table 10 for the KFA 1000 are opposite to the impression of the 
map (fig. 4). The reason for this is the poor identification of small streets in build 
up areas in contrast to the identification of buildings. Also smaller houses can be 
seen. 
Any detail, necessary for maps 1 : 25 000 can be seen in the high altitude aerial 
photos. The differences between the existing topographic map and the RMK-result 
are caused by chaingings of the object. For example, the railroad line is not more 
existing. 
6. Conclusion 
Several tests of mapping with space images have been made by the University of 
Flannover. Landsat Thematic Mapper, MKF 6, KATE 200 and KATE 160 do have a too 
poor resolution for the map scale 1 : 50 000. The Metric Camera is suitable for 1 : 
100 000, the Large Format Camera for 1 : 50 000, but both have been used just 
for experiments, no actual photos are available. SPOT and the KFA 1000 are 
operational systems, both are usable for mapping in scales 1 : 50 000 and smaller, 
in rural areas also for 1 : 25 000. 
The meaning of the space images is not only depending upon the ground resolution. 
The digital SPOT images do not have a so good ground resolution like the KFA 
photos but the contrast in digital images is better and can be improved very easy. 
The better spectral resolution of multispectral SPOT images is compensating the 
disadvantage of the double pixel size. 
Multispectral SPOT images are including more information in rural areas than the 
other images. In one test area more details about streets in cities have been seen 
in panchromatic SPOT images than in KFA images, in another test area it was 
reverse. The good resolution of KFA photos is partially compensated by poor 
contrast, but more details about buildings are visible. In general the differences 
obtained with both types of SPOT images and the KFA are limited. It is more 
important to have good atmospheric conditions during exposure time than to have 
a special one of these products. 
The use of space images in analytical or digital stereo plotters is not more 
complicate than the handling of usual aerial photos if adequate software will be 
used. Especially for a correct geometric solution this is necessary. 
References 
Doyle, F.J. 1984: Surveying and Mapping with Space Data, ITC Journal 1984 
Ehlers, M., Welch, R. 1988; Kartographische Leistungsfähigkeit von Landsat-TM- 
Aufnahmen, BuL 1988 
Jacobsen, K. 1986: Geometric Aspects of the Use of Space Photographs, ISPRS 
Com I, Stuttgart 1986