amount of space to be allocated in memory can be 
reduced, thus eliminating the need for paging/ 
swapping image data. 
If intensive operator-driven measurements have to 
be made on the monitor (in mono or stereo mode) a 
sophisticated image display and measurement 
system is mandatory. Since in our system emphasis 
has not been put on this aspect our system’s stereo 
mode capabilities are not too much advanced. For 
stereo viewing we use the split screen stereoscope 
technique, because it is most simple and 
inexpensive and provides for high quality viewing 
both in black/white and in colour mode. 
3.4. DEDIP 
DEDIP (Development Environment for Digital 
Photogrammetry), which was developed by our 
group, is a large software package written in C, 
providing a unified environment for software 
development and an advanced user interface based 
on the SunView window system. Basic routines for 
memory management of images and other data 
structures, input/output functions, utility functions 
for SunView, as well as display handling with an 
“image display list” and other features form the 
core of DEDIP. Extensive use of data structures 
facilitates programming. 
At present DEDIP includes functions such as: 
• Interactive frame-grabber image acquisition 
with offset and gain control 
• Read and write of images of variable size, 
including regions of interest 
• Display and display manipulation (LUT 
manipulation, cursor selection, etc.) 
• Monoscopic and stereoscopic viewing 
• Standard image processing and image analysis 
functions 
• Monoscopic interactive measurement tool with 
template matching 
• Template and image matching with 
simultaneous object point positioning 
• Target tracking in image sequences in multi 
target mode 
• Digital rectification 
• Radiometric and geometric image analysis and 
MTF/CTF determination 
• Visualisation functions for the analysis of image 
quality 
• Bundle adjustment with self-calibration 
specifically designed for close-range 
applications and CCD camera usage, with 
visualisation tools for the analysis of bundle 
adjustment results. 
Figure 3 shows some of the major software 
packages of DEDIP. 
DEDIP consists currently of about 150 000 lines of 
C code. It is constantly expanding through the 
accommodation of new functions and algorithms, 
being developed on research and pilot projects. 
Figure 3: Major modules of DEDIP 
In addition there are some DEDIP-external 
programs, most of which are written in FORTRAN, 
which provide for some crucial photogram metric 
and image analysis functions: 
• DTMZ, a digital terrain model program, using 
finite element interpolation in a Delaunay 
organised triangular net 
• DTMSY, which uses a DTMZ-produced digital 
surface model in order to derive synthetic 
images by pixel overlay in parallel projection 
• BUND, a self-calibrating bundle program with 
some useful features specifically for aerial 
triangulation 
• CORGEO, a template and image matching 
program which includes a variety of estimation 
models for multi-photo geometrically 
constrained least squares matching (Gruen, 
1985, Gruen, Baltsavias, 1988a) 
• Program package for the processing of CCD 
video sequences for the purpose of human 
motion studies (Baltsavias, Stallmann, 1990) 
• MMPP, a multimedia point positioning and 
tracking module which was developed on a 
project for 3-D turbulent flow measurement