16 
Integral use of airborne data and space observations, and data This constitutes basically the outline of a course in remote 1 f 
from other sources, characterizes some of the courses offered. sensing applications for interpreters. se' 
These are in the thematic domains of surveying earth resources, P n 
land and water resources, vegetation, forests and agriculture, For mapmakers, pi* 
human settlements, natural hazards and the environment. the subject-matter list looks different: Ac 
In the metric domain, courses in integrated digital mapping, the 
cadastral surveying, and land information systems stand out. 1. Geometrical image corrections and levels of accuracy kn 
All these, of course, with their scalas of supporting sciences and 2. Application of reference points and digital terrain models "K 
technologies. 3. Georeferencing and geocoding of data im 
4. Conversion from vector to raster data and vice-versa coi 
7.2 Subject Matter 5. Computer-assisted cartography sy: 
6. Image enhancement filtering (lines/edges, for example). sta 
In the following, we shall briefly summarize the items that 7. Techniques of feature extraction coi 
should form part of educational packages in the transfer of f ac 
knowledge on remote sensing and its applications, rubricated by Planners and Decisionmakers 
target group. Th 
will look at matters from a different angle: sta 
they have less interest in the system, but more in the but 
The interpreter applicability and reliability and the timeliness of the of 
has to be familiarized with: information that it produces. m3 
off 
* The physical principles of remote sensing - 1. Spatial characteristics of the information produced T h 
1. Notions of scanner characteristics 2. Overlay techniques of data from different sources sof 
2. Satellite (or other platform) characteristics 3. Principles of Geo Information Systems roi 
3. Factors involved in airborne surveys (flight, scale, 4. Matching of information requirements for planning foe 
film/filter combinations, etc) and decisionmaking, with RS systems and with G I S. or i 
* Principles of image preprocessing (outlines) - * Digital Image Processing and Pattern Recognition It r 
1. Atmospheric corrections (general principles) ma 
2. Geometric corrections is the field for a course aiming at familiarizing participants with pro 
3. Radiometric corrections numerical analysis of remotely sensed data. in 
A list of subjects includes: sof 
* Principles of digital image processing - 1. Physics of remote sensing On 
1. Conversion of digital numbers into imagery 2. Linear algebra PC 
2. Image corrections and restoration 3. Vector geometry Ad 
3. Geometric corrections and image registration 4. Georeferencing and map transformations GI5 
4. Resampling 5. Pattern recognition use 
5. Image enhancement 6. Statistical methods 
6. Image classification 7. Image processing 8.2 
8. Data bases. 
* Processing requirements 9. Decisionmaking and classification Am 
for particular interpretation jobs - Y ea 
* Data requirements for specific jobs - Note: Developments in RS technology and image processing whi 
1. Resolution and system requirements (large area?, details?, are very fast, and any curriculum or subject-matter list needs at plo 
all-weather data?, speed essential?, costs critical?, etc.) least annual updating. Subjects that have recently been included SP( 
2. Stereo requirements (oblique views from SPOT, IRS-1; in these lists are , e.g., Digital Elevation Models, Image Fusion the 
season, shadows, and Interferometry. do 
sidelook effect) 8 eo 
3. Multitemporal data (crop calendar, season) etc - 
4. Level of preprocessing required for the job at hand 8. CONSTRAINTS AND OBSTACLES reg; 
5. Multisource data. upd 
6. Image fusion 8.1 Advance of P.C. based image processing systems. for 
7. Digital elevation models. 
* Interpretation Techniques - applicable to the particular A principal constraint used to be the price of image processing 8.3 
RS technology and the particular field of science , in the forme systems. 
of exercises and case studies. With the advent of image processing systems on PC's and the RS 
(e.g geology, geomorphology, land use survey, vegetation rapid increase in processing power and memory on PCs, that 
survey, coupled with a dramatic decrease in price, this constraint is givi 
and many others). rapidly losing its significance. a se 
(SP