CIP A 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
174 
The software developed by the authors allows to project the 
solid image onto two new images forming a stereoscopic 
pair. 
The interior orientation parameters of the two new images are 
the same as the original image while the external orientation 
parameters are slightly varied in order to realise a “normal 
taking”, with the base imposed by the operator and the axes 
of the virtual cameras perpendicular to this base and parallel 
to each other (see Table 2). 
left image right image 
X 0 [m] 
99.782 100.182 
Y 0 [m] 
100.699 
Z 0 [m] 
103.220 
cofgon] 
1.018592 
<tfèon] 
3.437747 
Kfeon] 
-0.19099 
Table 2 - External orientation parameters of the two images 
The obtained stereo pair is show in figure 12. 
After having projected the solid image onto each of the two 
new images, it is possible to notice that some pixels of the 
image do not own a radiometric value. 
b) 
Figure 12. The artificial stereo pair 
a) left image b) right image. 
This is due to the fact that the new images are obtained by a 
re-sampling process and therefore they need an interpolation 
phase to give a complete result. Another type of lack of 
information in some pixels could be due to perspective 
reasons: changing the projection centre, some areas hidden in 
the original image become geometrically visible, but there is 
no information available in these pixels. 
In this case the holes must be represented as they are (for ex. 
in white), because an interpolation process would be 
meaningless. 
6. CONCLUSIONS 
Solid images open the road to a series of new products in the 
field of architectural and land surveying applications. A solid 
image makes possible: 
- to determine in real time the position of any point 
in a 3D reference system, using a common PC; 
- to carry out three-dimensional correct measures 
(lines, areas, volumes, angles, ...), just selecting 
some points on the image; 
- to allow even unskilled users to easily plot profiles, 
sections, plans, by using simple drawing functions 
able to manage the solid image structure; 
- in general, to integrate the high quality original 
colour image with the 3D geometry of every point 
represented in the photo. 
The first recent applications concern the development of a 
software package for the creation of the solid image, its 
artificial stereo pair and its use as a 3D model. 
A wide series of further practical applications can be 
foreseen. 
REFERENCES 
• P. Boccardo G. Comoglio. New methodologies for 
architectural photogrammetric survey 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and 
Remote Sensing, Voi. XXXIII, Part. B5/1 
• L. Bomaz, A. Lingua, F. Rinaudo. A new software 
for the automatic registration of 3D digital 
models acquired using laser scanner devices - 
ISPRS Symposium Commission V- Corfu Greece 
September 2002 
• L. Bomaz, A. Lingua, F. Rinaudo. High resolution 
digital image orientation using laser scanner 
data - ISPRS Commission - Corfou September 
2002 
• S. Dequal. Un concetto innovativo: Yimmagine 
solida - Bollettino SIFET - (accepted for printing 
2003 
• L. Bomaz, S.Dequal. The solid image: A new 
concept and its applications - ISPRS Commission 
V, WGV/4 - Ancona 01-03 July 2003 
• Krauss Fotogrammetria, voi. 1, Levrotto e Bella 
Torino 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
The idea of the “solid image” has been presented for the first 
time, as a “last minute poster”, at the CIP A Annual Meeting - 
ISPRS Comm. V in Corfu, Greece September 2002. 
The first results and applications have been shown and 
described at the ISPRS com. V meeting in Ancona, Italy, 01- 
03 July 2003. 
The research has been part of the activity financed by the 
Italian Ministry For Education and University (MIUR) and 
concerning the project: “Metodologie digitali di rilevamento, 
GIS e reti multimediali per i beni architettonici e 
ambientali”, national responsible Prof. Carlo Monti - DIIAR 
- Politecnico of Milan.