3D MODEL GENERATION AND VISUALIZATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
N. Yastikh, 0. Emem, Z. Alki?
Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
TR-80750 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
ynaci@yildiz.edu.tr, oemem@yildiz.edu.tr, zubeyde@yildiz.edu.tr,
KEY WORDS: Architectural, Cultural Heritage, Conversation, Digital, Close Range, Photogrammetry, Photogrammetric Record,
and Documentation
ABSTRACT:
This paper describes a study, which aims to generate and to visualize the 3D models of an historical building and surrounding place.
For this, the data set of the Fatih Mosque documentation project, which achieved by using digital close range photogrammetry, has
been used. In addition, differential rectified images of Fatih Mosque facades have been generated. 2.5D digital photogrammetric
map and 1:5000 scaled orthoimage of the Fatih Mosque and surrounding place were used for 3D modelling and visualization. The
data set of the Fatih Mosque from digital close range photogrammetry and 2.5D digital photogrammetric map and orthoimage of the
Fatih Mosque and surrounding place from Aerial photogrammetry were combined to acquire 3D true information. Finally a precise
and an accurate 3D model of Fatih Mosque was generated.
1. INTRODUCTION
The three dimensional computer graphics and visualization
techniques have been used for wide range of applications such
as manufacturing, industrial design, urban design and analysis,
architecture, cultural heritage, 3D city modeling and GIS. The
use of three dimensional computer graphics and visualization
techniques is becoming more and more popular, because these
techniques visualize more realistic object models than graphic
based object models. However, in most application of 3D
modelling and visualization, large and complex 3D models data
are required (El Hakim S., at ah, 1998). The process of creating
3D models of objects from real scenes has well-known steps;
data acquisition, processing, registration, modelling and
rendering. (El-Hakim S., 1998, El-Hakim S. 2000).
Aerial photogrammetry and close range photogrammetry
projects, involve similar process steps to that of 3D model
generation and visualization. These steps can be characterised
as: acquisition of image, determination of interior and exterior
orientation parameters of images (local registration) and manual
or automatic extraction of geometric features of interest stages,
(modelling) (Chapman D., at al, 1998). Because of these
parallel stages, it is no surprise that photogrammetrists become
interested in 3D modelling and visualization of object.
Photogrammetry and digital image processing techniques play
important role to make 3D modelling and visualization
technology practical and cost effective.
Documentation of cultural heritage is one of the main
operations of cultural heritage conversation and restoration.
Digital close range photogrammetry successfully used for
documentation project of cultural heritage. The products of
digital close range photogrammetry are 3D vector data, rectified
digital images and ortho images of historical monument. These
products can be used for 3D model generation and visualization
of cultural heritage. 3D models of cultural heritage help us to
better understanding of object, even if they are not accessible
for us. 3D models of cultural heritage can be used for
comparing the actual situation with the future situation after
restoration.
In this study, operational steps of 3D model generation and
visualization of Fatih Mosque are presented. First, methodology
for 3D model generation and visualization is defined. Then,
details of this methodology for 3D model generation and
visualization is explained.
2. METHODOLOGY
Our approach for 3D model generation and visualization of
Fatih Mosque consists of following steps:
■ image acquisition
■ determination interior and exterior orientation
parameters of images
■ 3D modelling of object and surrounding
■ visualization of 3D model (rendering).
First, two steps of our approach are including close range
photogrammetric works. Brief information about these works is
presented following section. Detailed information about close
range photogrammetric works can be found on Yastikli at al,
(2003).
3. CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC WORKS
The stereo photographs of Fatih Mosque facades were taken in
normal case and parallel-averted case with semi-metric
Rolleiflex 6008 of Department of Photogrametry and Remote
Sensing, Yildiz Technical University.
For stereo model restitution, the coordinates of signalised points
and natural points were measured. For stereo model generation
and stereo plotting digital photogrammetric workstation of
Department of Photogrametry and Remote Sensing, Yildiz
Technical University have been used. Detailed 3D vector
plotting of facades were achieved manually by experienced