CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
390 
ploughed out prehistoric and Early medieval hillforts near 
Veprek and Bosynë, both in district Melnik. The example of 
results of systematic magnetometric survey (approx. 2,5 ha) 
of Early medieval/Iron age hillfort near Bosynë (Krivanek 
2003) we can use as for separation of the whole fortified site 
as for identification of different subsurface archaeological 
situations (fig. 1). Magnetometric survey on very long and 
narrow headland separate different transverse systems of 
fortification (outer single ditch, inner ploughed out main 
fortification system ditch-rampart-ditch) and also very 
probable entrance to the hillfort. Inside of fortified area were 
then identified groups with larger subrectangular sunken 
settlement features approx. 5x3 m (probable houses), smaller 
sunken features (probable pits) and relics of line of ploughed 
out probable perimeter fortification. 
Pristoupim (11 ha). 
The first systematically implemented geophysical surveys of 
hillforts applicable for needs of archaeology and also better 
protection of archeological monuments were carried out in 
the archaeogeophysical project "Identification of destroyed 
fortifications and internal structures of settlement of hillforts" 
(Krivanek 1999-2000, Grant Agency of Ministry of Culture 
of the Czech Republic - PK99P040PP007). The results of 
application of similar geophysical survey methods on areas of 
previous known and documented hillforts showed we can use 
geophysical data as another independent base map for exact 
separation of fortified archaeological site. The example of 
large area magnetometric survey (approx. 11 ha) of Early 
medieval hillfort Pristoupim, district Kolin (Krivanek 2001) 
confirmed presence of many various surface unvisible 
archaeological situations, their different state of subsurface 
preservation depending on intensity of ploughing and 
landscape changes (fig. 2). Magnetometric survey in outer 
part of Slavic hillfort changed previous archaeological ideas 
about the real extent (fortified approx. 20 ha) and structure of 
site. New non-destructive results showed hillfort had 3 
different fortified parts, but outer fortifications, remains of 
another larger features and inner settlement are not visible at 
present time on the surface and they were damaged by 
ploughing of site. 
Different way of use of geophysical measurements represents 
the project “Prehistoric hillfort Plesivec” (Korenÿ-Kfivânek- 
Kuna 2001-2004, Grant Agency of Ministry of Culture of the 
Czech republic - PK01P040PP011) where combination of 
non-destructive and destructive methods (magnetometric 
survey, field surface survey, GPS, small archaeological 
trenches and test pits) should help to systematic study of 
important prehistoric hillfort endangered by illegal use of 
metal detectors. Particular use of geophysical survey methods 
on choosen strategic or important and endangered areas 
(gates, platforms, communications,...) of very large forested 
Bronze age/iron age hillfort (approx. 100 ha) it is here 
combined also with detailed metal detector survey and 
verification of all modern destructions'of surface (illegal pits, 
afforestation, ...). 
The scientific aim of the newest project “The geophysical 
surveys in archaeologically non-excavated areas of Czech 
oppids” (Krivanek et al. 2003-2007, Grant Agency of 
Academy of Sciences of the Czech republic - A8002301) is 
in complexed area geophysical survey of choosen parts of 5 
large and very important bohemian La Tène hillforts - 
oppids: Zâvist, district Praha-Zâpad, Stradonice, district 
Beroun, Trisov, district Ceskÿ Krumlov, Hrazany, district 
Pribram and Nevëzice, district Pisek). The extensive and aslo 
intensive systematic non-destructive survey methods of 
project should bring a lot of new archeological information 
about the structures and intensity of use of different areas of 
large Celtic oppids outside of limited areas of previous 
archaeological excavations. The example of new 
magnetometric survey in outer forested part of oppidum 
Zâvist represents one from the first results of project where 
we can demonstrate a new identified only subsurface remains 
of another (previous unknown, only supposed) gate in outer 
systems of rampart-ditch fortification of oppidum (fig. 3). 
Two short parallel across ditches in place of interrupted 
perimeter ditch fortification identified place of abandoned 
entrance, probably in poor quality of (only subsurface) 
preservation. 
25 0 25 
Figure 3. Magnetometric survey in outer forested part of 
oppidum Zavist (approx. 1 ha).