Cl PA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
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changings of the two cracks in the last 20 years were 
determined: crack (A) and (C) opened more than 1 cm. 
Figure 8. Crack (A): left: before 1908 
right: in the year 2002 
Figure 9. Crack (B): left: in the year 1968 
right: in the year 2000 
Figure 10. Crack (C): left: before 1908 
right: in the year 2002 
3. OLD DEFORMATIONS 
Different photogrammetric studies suggested that the whole 
apse of KAM is declined due to the vertical. Therefore some 
images were measured and a bundle adjustment was calculated. 
The result can be seen very good at the front wall of the apse in 
the east of the building: the height of the front wall is about 
10,5 m, the deviation from the vertical at the top of the wall is 
about 45 cm, cf. figure 11. It seems that the whole apse is not in 
a vertical equilibrium. 
The problems of the vertical balances of the eight big pillars of 
the central octagon are also very interesting and important for 
static reasons. Therefore the direction of each pillar was 
photogrammetricaly checked using vertical plumb lines. Some 
images of each pillar were measured. The results of the bundle 
adjustment are shown in figure 11. The four pillars at the north 
side are in balance, the four at the south side are inclined due to 
the vertical with a deviation in radial direction of 30-40 cm, the 
height of the pillars is about 9,5 m. These deformations of the 
pillars result from the horizontal strength of the dome. It may be 
the static equilibrium from the beginning of the building. The 
question of asymmetry of that equilibrium stays unanswered. 
north 
Figure 11. Deformations at the top of the pillars 
and the front wall of the apse 
4. NEW DEFORMATIONS 
The growing of the cracks gave reasons for trying now to 
analyse the deformation of the whole dome of the KAM with 
existing photogrammetric images. To illustrate the cleverness of 
the construction we see in figure 12 a photogrammetric image 
of the roof of the dome taken from the minaret and in figure 13 
the inside surface in form of visualized laser measurements. 
Figure 12. Dome of KAM, image taken from the minaret 
These laser measurements are taken from a campaign in early 
summer of 2002 where a complete laser-scan of KAM was 
performed. Some additional architectonic data: the dome built 
from brick masonry has an inside diameter of 16,5 m, the 
double curved segments have to pass the strength into the big 
pillars to get the static equilibrium, but only with the help of the 
deformations of the pillars. To get the searched information of 
the deformation of the dome we have measured and calculated 
20 images of a bundle block taken in 1979 (camera TMK from