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DOCUMENTATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE BY USING
DIGITAL CLOSE RANGE PHOTOGRAMETRY
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N. Yastikli, Z. Alki§
Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering Faculty, Division of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
TR-80750 Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey
ynaci@yildiz.edu.tr, zubeyde@yildiz.edu.tr
KEY WORDS: Architectural, Cultural Heritage, Conservation, Close Range, Photogrammetry, Photogrammetric Record, and
Documentation
ABSTRACT:
Conservation of historical buildings and constructions, being important parts of cultural heritage, determining the historical
buildings facades is one of the main operations. Historical buildings are usually characterized by irregular geometry, very complex
surface. In this context, close range photogrammetry is inevitable and has been used successfully for documentation of cultural
heritage for many years. Digital close range photogrammetry is currently an effective system providing both vector and raster data
type. This method is also allowing metric-morphological reconstruction of cultural heritage. Besides, documentations can be
archived on paper or computer. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall view of documentation of cultural heritage by
using digital close range photogrammetry. In this paper also, operational steps and general aspects of documentation of cultural
heritage are presented using the Fatih Mosque documentation project data, implemented by Division of Photogrammetry and Remote
Sensing, Yildiz Technical University.
1. INTRODUCTION
Photogrammetric surveys have been used for documentation of
cultural heritage and restoration of historical monuments for
many years. In traditional approach, stereo photographs of
historical building were taken with the stereometric camera or
independent metric camera. Stereo model restitution was done
by using analogue or analytical stereo plotter in traditional close
range photogrammetry (Kraus, 1993). Digital close range
photogrammetry offers the automatic measurement process, 3D
vector data, digital orthophoto and digital surface models of
historical monuments comparing to the traditional approach. 3D
model generation and visualization of cultural heritage can be
prepared easily by using digital close range photogrammetry
products.
Rectification of a single image is successfully used and well
known method of digital close range photogrammetry for plane
surfaces. The photographs of historical monuments, which are
taken with different camera or objective, can be transformed
and merged using digital close range photogrammetry. If
historical monument facades have dept differences, image
rectification is not useful because of image deformation. Digital
orthophotos are appropriate solution for these historical
monument facades, which have dept differences (Yastikli at al.,
2001). Digital orthophoto is a differential rectified photograph
to remove distortions caused by dept differences of monument
facades. For this reason, digital orthophotos have same
geometric accuracy as a line map.
Other solution for historical monument facades, which have
dept differences, is stereo plotting. In many photogrammetric
documentation projects, an expected final product is still 1:50
or 1:100 scaled historical monument plan. Using digital close
range photogrammetry, 3D vector plan of monument facades
can be prepared and plotted at any scale.
Operational steps of documentation of cultural heritage by using
digital close range photogrammetry are consisted of geodetic
measurement of control point and historical monument
environment, photogrammetric image acquisition and stereo
restitution. In this study, documentation of Fatih Mosque and its
operational steps are presented by using digital close range
photogrammetry, implemented by Division of Photogrammetry
and Remote Sensing, Yildiz Technical University. The
objective of the Fatih Mosque documentation project is
preparation of 1:50 scaled plan of mosque facades. Details of
these operational steps are discussed in detail using Fatih
mosque documentation project.
2. GEODETIC MEASUREMENT
The measurements of historical monument environment and
control points coordinates are essential work. In Fatih mosque
documentation project, 1:1000 digital maps of Fatih Mosque
and its environment are available (Figure 1). Especially,
measurements of control points coordinates have vital
importance for stereo model restitution. In general, signalised
points and natural points are used as control point in close range
photogrammetry.
