CIPA 2003 XIX th International Symposium, 30 September - 04 October, 2003, Antalya, Turkey 
710 
work. After completing the sketches surveyors and architects 
measure the objects together and at the end of a day of field 
work all detailed measurements are downloaded into the 
computer and processed in a CAD environment. Instead of 
preparing the sketches, preliminary drawings and maps on 
paper, another method using digital cameras and PDA or 
tabletPC or notebooks can be used in the field as they operate 
in a real time environment. The photographs of desired 
objects can be taken by digital camera, or the digital drawing 
of the surveyed area can be obtained and directly 
downloaded to the tabletPC via 1R or serial or USB 
communication in the field. In this way the measured, desired 
or absent detail points can be marked on the screen-view of 
the photograph of the historical object. Many other 
measurements, apart from those gathered with a total station, 
can be used. The disto-steel type, any other type of 
measurement or attribute, can be marked on the screen view. 
In this way numerous digital sketches from different angles 
and heights can be prepared; these digital shots can then be 
stitched in graphicenvironment and eventually even a 
panoramic view can be produced. In this process the pattern 
samples of historical objects can be gathered in order to use 
in the production of 3D models for the objects. With the 
practical and effective usage of technology, the survey team 
and survey time will also decrease. 
ARCHITECTURAL SURVEY 
In architectural documentation, the process and the quality of 
the on site survey is generally formed and affected by the 
building conditions and the whole project process. The size 
and the scale of the built mass usually determines the survey 
method and techniques. The aim of the survey and post 
survey process impact the choice of technique and equipment 
used. The traditional methods for the survey require 
architects to work on site in great detail for a long periods of 
time. This system used for the traditional survey is slow 
and labor intensive because most architectural details are 
recorded manually. This traditional process also requires 
many checks and controls because the data collection is being 
conducted by various individuals and the human error factor 
is therefore quite high. This extends the duration of the on 
site survey time and restricts the interaction between the 
actual survey and the final project. On the other hand, 
surveys of large scale architectural or archaeological 
complexes always risk being insufficiently documented 
because of there are frequently limitations of time and 
financial resources. With traditional methods, the 
architectural survey takes a very long time and is 
problematic because the trade off for accuracy versus the time 
and money consumed is often too high. In an 
interdisciplinary documentation such as the Ottoman 
fortification survey and documentation project we discovered 
that the traditional survey system was inadequate and did not 
satisfy the diverse research goals of the project. The newer 
technology for surveying and the development of several 
digital survey components allow different disciplines in a 
documentation project to function harmoniously and to 
realize goals in a more timely and feasible manner. 
The methodology used in a survey is very important, it also 
effects the final products of the project. An architectural 
project is usually prepared and used by a definite and very 
limited group of people; it doesn’t always attempt to be 
accessible to other colleagues or researchers in other 
professions. For this reason the collected data is rarely 
presented in a highly accessible format and is not made 
available to others. The survey completes its mission by 
gathering needed data for the limited goal of producing the 
project. Ideally, if both the survey and project were 
conducted in a more systematic way, the valuable 
information that had been collected could be made accessible 
to a much wider audience, perhaps even placed in the 
internet. Ultimately the use of the information in GIS on the 
web would present the collected data in a form that can be 
accessed by anyone who is interested in the documentation 
process of a particular site or structure. With the integration 
of the other disciplines and diverse facets of the project 
research, continuous data sharing is essential, and should 
generate a totally different systematic organization of data 
collection in architectural heritage projects. (Architectural 
Heritage: Inventory and Documentation Methods in Europe, 
1993) 
It is useful to examine how academics, architects and 
conservationists who share a concern about protecting the 
cultural heritage of a particular site or region, can develop a 
systematic, integrated, and efficient approach and process for 
the preservation, restoration and reconstruction of the 
historical structures. Information about the restoration 
procedures taken, what techniques worked and what did not, 
what historical or archival documentation exists for a 
particular structure is rarely shared. As a result numerous 
survey and documentation processes are often repeated 
needlessly; the 'wheel’ reinvented several times. From this 
point of view, it is urgent to see where the disjuncture exists 
and how we are losing time and monetary resources because 
of the lack of a systematic methodological approach for 
heritage recording and a centralized database for information 
that is gathered by all working in the various fields that 
intersect with cultural heritage documentation. 
Recently as a result of interdisciplinary interactions and 
research, the digital survey equipments being used by other 
professions such as electronic tacheometers, GPS (Global 
Positioning Systems), digital photogrammetric cameras have 
been tested and adapted in the architectural survey system. 
These equipments provide data in a short time period; 
generally decreasing the time involved in the on site survey 
process one-third . While the electronic tacheometers, GPS 
and aerial photogrammetry are used in the general survey of 
the mass and the deformation of the structure; TPS, the close 
range photogrammetry and scanners are used to document the 
facade details and texture. Any architect or engineer can use 
the collected data if it is gathered in proper way; the 
perception of the data is the same because of the high degree 
of accuracy. The practical usage of this digital equipments in 
architectural surveys and documentation projects has created 
a need for standardization and for techniques that can be 
used for both digital and non-digital measurements so that 
the documentation and further usage of the data can be better 
organized. Digital data storage has importance in 
architectural survey due to the subsequent steps which lead 
to preservation, restoration and reconstruction process. This 
standardization and methodology can differ due to the 
building scale and the particular processes involved in the 
realization of the project, but in historic documentation work 
there should be principle criteria in order to reuse and 
represent the survey data and the surveys of different periods 
which are used in the evaluation of the architecture. 
Architectural heritage recording also includes the recent