18 
Tab. 2- The co-ordinate differences between the using one set 
of parameters in the area of Bologna and the parameters 
related to the Intermediate IGM station at the same area. 
Station 
dn (m) 
de (m) 
TORR 
-0.167 
-0.045 
MEDI 
-0.139 
-0.002 
PTOl 
-0.16 
-0.043 
PT03 
-0.159 
-0.043 
00S1 
-0.163 
-0.044 
00S2 
-0.163 
-0.044 
00S3 
-0.164 
-0.044 
GRU 
-0.226 
-0.047 
GRI2 
-0.226 
-0.047 
GRI4 
-0.226 
-0.046 
STAIO 
-0.167 
-0.048 
STA20 
-0.167 
-0.048 
STA30 
-0.167 
-0.048 
6. Analysis of the results 
As shown from the error ellipses of the adjusted local 
networks (Tab. 3), the precision obtained is in the order of one 
decimetre in the different types of classical measurements. 
Naturally it is possible to get higher precision when using 
classical instruments (total station), by using more stations and 
having redundant measurements, but from our point of view, 
the cost would considerably increase, since it is too difficult to 
point the same target of the antenna from different stations. 
In any case it is important to have redundant measurements or 
at least to measure different levels of the antenna for control 
purposes and to avoid blunders in the final adjustment. 
It is possible to get the co-ordinates and the orientation of 
antenna elements by using the radiation surveying from one 
station with MDL. The differences of the co-ordinates 
obtained with radiation surveying from each station in respect 
to the combined adjusted Stadio local network of all 
measurements are shown in figure 9. As shown in the figure 
the differences of co-ordinates are in the range of 10 cm. 
All the classical measurements (radiation and intersection 
surveying), are combined and adjusted as a minimum 
constrained network respect to one local GPS station. 
Weights of the measurements were chosen arbitrarily and thus, 
as expected, the error depends on this choice. 
The most important results is to compare the calculated co 
ordinates of antennae frame centre and the calculated antennae 
panels orientation respect to given reported one in the detailed 
drawing, table 4 and 5 respectively. The differences in the co 
ordinate and in the orientations are too large, and they could 
not be neglected. 
Tab. 3 - Ellipses error of the adjusted combined measurement of the local 
networks of Stadio, Grizzana and Bo- ASST 
Standard error ellipses in mm 
Stadio 
Grizzana 
Bo. ASST 
St. 
Major 
Axis 
Minor 
Axis 
St. 
Major 
Axis 
Minor 
Axis 
St. 
Major 
Axis 
Minor 
Axis 
10 
14 
0 
20 
24 
0 
200 
23 
0 
30 
24 
2 
30 
35 
4 
01 
63 
2 
01 
23 
2 
10 
17 
3 
02 
55 
2 
02 
23 
2 
19 
32 
3 
03 
23 
2 
03 
24 
3 
21 
41 
11 
04 
23 
2 
04 
24 
2 
019 
32 
3 
11 
63 
2 
011 
23 
2 
22 
289 
17 
44 
61 
3 
022 
23 
3 
15 
29 
3 
12 
63 
2 
033 
24 
3 
022 
289 
17 
13 
60 
3 
33 
23 
2 
16 
31 
3 
001 
23 
2 
44 
143 
2 
021 
289 
17 
002 
23 
2 
5 
143 
23 
17 
32 
3 
003 
54 
2 
6 
143 
23 
24 
30 
10 
004 
57 
2 
05 
23 
2 
18 
35 
4 
2 
54 
2 
07 
23 
3 
25 
289 
15 
3 
52 
2 
08 
24 
3 
11 
26 
3 
4 
51 
2 
06 
24 
2 
014 
291 
10 
15 
53 
1 
05A 
23 
2 
14 
25 
3 
14 
53 
1 
- The error values as shown above are homogeneous except for some points, because only one radiation measurement have been 
made from only one station