43 
their 
miel 
ions 
>ital, 
onal 
ITK 
hose 
ITK 
iti on 
was 
and 
nges 
lari y 
hold 
îetry 
et at 
isted 
used 
tatic 
iting 
ith a 
were 
i the 
was 
don. 
' the 
the 
ITK 
lints 
h 
TTK 
and 
very 
hose 
laical 
ASS 
lable 
have 
demonstrated the advantages in surveys of practical 
interest to civil engineering based on the use of the RTK 
technique. These advantages can be summarised as: 
• increased productivity due mainly to reduced times of 
initialisation and re-initialisation; 
• the possibility of surveying in difficult operating 
conditions with precisions comparable to those 
obtained with other surveying techniques. 
At the moment, the only strong limitation to the 
application of the system seems to be the radius of 
transmission of the radio link signal. However, if there 
was the possibility in Italy of working with radio power 
greater than 1 Watt (e.g. at 35 W as in the USA) or, 
alternatively, to adopt bands of transmission of the radio 
signal different from those currently assigned to the 
system (e.g. the GSM bands), the capacity of 
communication between the receivers could be increased. 
This would allow the development of the technique to the 
point that within a few years it would be a valid 
alternative to surveying systems based on the use of 
traditional topographical instrumentation. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
Misra P. et al., (1996); GLONASS Performance. 
Measurement Data Quality and System Upkeep 
Proceedings of ION GPS-96, pp. 261-270, 1996. 
The authors wish to thank the technical firm NECTOS 
s.r.l. for providing the technical documentation related to 
field test 2.2. 
REFERENCES 
Bitelli G. at al., (1994); Applicazioni non navigazionali 
del posizionamento dinamico in tempo reale-, Bollettino 
della SIFET n. 2, pp. 21-29. 
Contreras, H., (1998); GPS+GLONASS Technology at 
Chuquicamata Mine, Chile; Proceedings of ION GPS 
1998 International Technical Meeeting - The Satellite 
Division of Institute of Navigation; Nashville, Tennessee, 
September 15-19, 1998. 
Gatti M., Pellegrinelli A., Russo P., (1995); Un 
Contributo alla Studio Sperimentale del Sistema GPS 
"Real Time Kinematic Survey - On The Fly”] Bollettino 
della SIFET n. 3, pp. 107-116. 
Gatti M., Giovannelli A., Pellegrinelli A., (1998); Prove 
di interferenza su ricevitori GPS; Bollettino della SIFET 
n. 2, Milano, 1998, pp. 65-81. 
Leick A., Beser J., Rosenboom P., Wiley B., (1998); 
Assessing GLONASS Observation] Proceedings of ION 
GPS 1998 International Technical Meeeting - The 
Satellite Division of Institute of Navigation; Nashville, 
Tennessee, September 15-19, 1998; 
Misra P., (1993); Integrated Use of GPS and GLONASS 
in Civil Aviation; The Lincoln Laboratory Journal, voi. 
6, number 2, pp. 231-248.