159 
van den Heuvel 
3D City Modelling for Mobile Augmented Reality 
higher distortion 
souring buildings 
re (Microstation, 
rmats to the 3D 
orthogonality of 
fa). It has lots of 
'this the building 
;ing some hollow 
oossible. 
> are measured in 
sured in this way 
; is especially the 
vel are accessible 
hen the buildings 
omatically by in- 
ire projected onto 
:tions, taking into 
s, it is sometimes 
. For example the 
taken from close 
iame points in the 
some parts of the 
vlGO and they are 
md multi-levelled 
ing points have to 
rual editing of the 
1) the reconstruction presented supplies appropriate 3D data with sufficient accuracy for rendering of virtual objects, 
2) the 3D reconstruction software integrates triangles into more intuitive shapes for facades, i.e. rectangles, and thus facilitates the 
storage of 3D line features, 
3) the reconstruction software provides automatic solutions to some of the reconstruction problems discussed above, 
4) the reconstruction procedures are linked by a number of programs that allow 3D topology to be automatically built. 
REFERENCES 
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Maas, H.-G. and G. Vosselman, 1999, Toepassingmogelijkheden van Vliegtuig-Laseraltimetrie, in: Geodesie zonder grensen, Delft 
University Press, ISBN 90- 407- 1950- 0, pp. 23-29. 
Paintsil, J., 1997, 3D Topographic Data By Aerial Photogrammetry, MSc thesis, ITC, Enschede 
Pasman, W. and F.W. Jansen, 2001, Realistic low-latency mobile AR rendering, Proceedings of VAA01, 21-22 june, Trinity College, 
Dublin, Ireland, pp. 81-92 
Persa, S and P. Jonker, 1999, On Positioning Systems for Augmented Reality Applications, Handheld and Ubiquitous Computing 
1999, Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1707 
Ubicom project, 2000, available on http://bscw.ubicom.tudelft.nl/ 
Schmidt, W.F., 1989, Segmentation and analysis of range images, MSc thesis, the Delft University of Technology, The 
Netherlands, 54 p. 
Vosselman, G, 2000, Slope based filtering of laser altimetry data, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 
XXXIII, B3/2, pp. 935-942 
Zlatanova, S., 2001, 3D modelling for augmented reality, Proceedings of ISPRS, Vol.34, Part 2W2, "Dynamic and multi-dimensional 
GIS", 23-25 May, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 215-420 
for measuring tie 
; front facades are 
this caused large 
ith more than 2m. 
tion, an attractive 
certain threshold) 
3e obtained. More 
1 in Schmidt 1989 
on. For example, 
lanual interaction, 
obtained both due 
:>le position of the 
; applied different 
construction of the 
city of real objects 
> achieve accuracy 
in to only few data 
/ey and analysis of 
in mind that many 
uitable for mobile