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Wybraniec, Theodoropoulou 
In order to represent the piano in detail 1800 points were selected. These points were not signalised but they were easily identified on 
the images. They were selected with the cooperation of the restorer at the State Institute for Music Research in Berlin. In order to 
achieve better accuracy these detail points were measured in at least 3 photos taken from different directions. Their coordinates were 
calculated with another program VerTech. VerTech is also developed at the same department. The final coordinates were calculated 
with an accuracy better than 0.5mm. This refers to the overall accuracy of the adjustment. It should be mentioned that the signalised 
points were better determined since they could be easily identified on the images. 
All photogrammetrically captured 3D data were imported in AutoCAD for further processing. Finally a 3D model of the pianoforte 
was created. The points had to be separated in different layers in order to facilitate the creation of the model. The points were 
transformed from ASCII to DXF and then they were imported in AutoCAD (Figure 4). 
4. CLOSING REMARKS 
The documentation of this pianoforte is another example of a particular application of photogrammetric techniques on recording 
cultural heritage objects. It also demonstrates how different disciplines could cooperate and bring their knowledge together. The 
CAD model that was created is not sufficient for the reconstruction of the instrument since details necessary for an instrument maker 
have to be completed. However it serves as an accurate ground plan and is very useful for further musicological investigations. 
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 
The following people contributed generously to this work: Michael Breuer from Geosystems GmbH in Munich, Sabine Hoffmann 
form the Museum of Musical Instruments in Berlin, the private company FPK for scanning the images as well as Albert Wiedemann, 
John More and Gerold Baumhauer from the Technical University Berlin. 
6. REFERENCES 
Eitel, G., 1982. Photogrammetrische Vermessung eines historischen Hammer-Klaviers aus dem Berliner Instrumenten-Museum. 
Diploma Thesis, Technical University Berlin (unpublished). 
Hoffmann, S., 2001. Betrachtungen zum heutigen Zustand des Silbermann - Hammerflügels im Neuen Palais, Potsdam. Jahrbuch des 
Staatlichen Instituts für Musikforschung, Berlin. 
Kerschner M., Peipe J., Restle K. and Schöner M., 1999. CAD Modeling of Historie Pianofortes by Means of Photogrammetric Data. 
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. XXXII, Part 5W11, pp. 107 - 110. 
Kerschner M., and Schöner M., 1998. Dokumentation historischer Hammerklaviere mit CAD-Modellen - eine Anwendung der 
Nahbereichsphotogrammetrie. Österreichische Zeitschrift für Vermessung & Geoinformation (VGI),86: 74 - 78. 
Kotowsky, R. and Peipe, J., 1994. Optimizing the Photogrammetric Network to Record Mozart's Pianoforte. Photogrammetric 
Record, 14 (83): 783 - 792. 
Wiedemann, Albert; John More, Tim Suthau, Iliana Theodoropoulou, Ulrich Weferling and Bahadir Ergün, 2001. Comparison of 
Bundle Block Adjustments for Close Range Applications. In: O. Altan & L. Griindig (eds.) Fourth Turkish-German Joint 
Geodetic Days. Paper presented to the conference organized at Berlin, Germany, April 2-6, Vol. I, pp. 211-218.