ostettler, Hunziker
elements and then to
atalogue of the data-
ucture was basically
the architect usually
the living area of the
infrastructure of the
an levels such as the
thout forgetting agri-
pon and which could
ment of the informa-
basic elements of an
The basic element of
•otation surfaces, etc.
geometric reference,
ight specific roads or
An Integrated 3D-GIS for an Inventory of the Historic Monuments ...
• Geo-referenced raster data
• Raster data without geo-reterence and purely illustrative (drawings, illustrations, possibly with a reference point)
• Cell library or symbol library (cf. fig. 1)
It is understood that there are standard concepts for data organisation in a GIS. In general, one tries to avoid storing the geometric
information in a relational database due to the great amount of data to be processed. On the other side, it is however important to
connect these data in an appropriate way with the information contained in the database. However, data organisation should not be
limited by technical considerations, but instead be defined according to the requirements of the analysis.
5. DATA ANALYSIS AS DERIVED FROM LITERATURE
If we consider the existing literature - such as the excellent book of Roger Mimó 'Fortalezas de Barro en el Sur de Marruecos' [2] -
we notice simple topographic sketches with the most important agglomerations and additionally the kasbahs and ksour (cf. fig. 2a).
We also see the main road network, the roads connecting the ksour and the principal rivers. On the other side, the book provides a
great number of plans of buildings, many photographs and pictures showing façades of ksour. If we want to compile such a synthesis
with an information system, we have to store overview maps, additionally overview photographs - maybe even satellite images - and
to make reference labels in order to extract the information desired from the database (cf. fig. 2b). Precautions are also necessary for
presentation of objects in larger scales. Furthermore, it should be possible to store photographic views and to relate them to the repre
sented topography.
Irheste
Amerhidi!
Ait-Sou is
3 r
I a our iff
^ El Manso or Edda
> a cQ
I4& "■'xjC
Imesla«®*
Location of kasbahs superimposed with the Michelin map
1:750,000 resulting from a query of the data base
\ ft
Fig. 2a:
Fig. 2b: Extract of an overview map of
the publication of Roger Mimo
Henri Terrasse illustrates his book 'Kasbahs berbères de l'Atlas et des oasis' [3] especially with oblique views showing various kas
bahs and ksour. The presentation of the whole complex of Taourirt is very instructive. If we want to make the same synthesis with an
information system, it is necessary to plan for 3D modelling of the built-up area (cf. fig. 3). In the same book we also find various
reproductions of typical façade ornaments, drawings of interior courtyards with the typical decoration and arcades. Such diawing
elements can be stored in a GIS in the form of images or also as geometric symbols. If we use the CAD system MicroStation by
Bentley, we can store symbols in a symbol library (cell library, cf. fig. 1) and they can be retrieved in a very simple way.
If we continue our overview of literature we quickly realize that aerial photographs, especially vertical views, have great importance
(cf. [4]). In an information system, one logically uses orthophotos, which can be superimposed to topographic or thematic maps.
Let us recall in this context that the ISOS inventory of the sites to be protected in Switzerland also worked in this way. The inventory
is organized by Swiss Cantons and shows a catalogue of the most important historic monuments. It is subdivided into a historic pres
entation, the presentation of the architectural development and then for the different towns provides a map in the scale 1:5'000 on
which all important buildings are localized. Moreover, we find photographs of these objects and tables summarizing a description
according to the category: spatial quality, historic and architectural quality, importance and other elements. We also find a reference
