152 
No 
Deviation 
Probability 
1 
0.71 
1 
2 
0.71 
1/4 
3 
1.58 
1/4 
4 
1.58 
1/4 
5 
2.12 
1/4 
6 
0.71 
1/4 
7 
0.71 
1/4 
8 
1.58 
1/4 
9 
1.58 
1/4 
Weighted mean deviation=1.12 (pixels) 
Table 2. Sampling error of gravity center and its probability 
3. EXPERIMENT 
An experiment was designed and conducted to improve the 
correction of the above analysis. In this experiment, a scene of 
QuickBird image is used. The QuickBird PAN image resolution 
is 0.61 m and the QuickBird MS image resolution is 2.44 m 
(Fig 3). 
Figure 3. QuickBird MS image and PAN image 
From this scene of QuickBird PAN image and MS image, 26 
comers and 34 gravity centers were selected as tie points. The 
image coordinates of comer tie points are listed in table 3. 
These tie points are used to register the PAN image and the MS 
image. The residual is listed in table 4. The average residual is 
2.4 m. 
No 
MS 
PAN 
Column 
Row 
Column 
Row 
1 
334 
612 
1616 
1162 
2 
2730 
570 
11186 
999 
3 
1887 
503 
7817 
730 
4 
93 
506 
655 
738 
5 
99 
509 
681 
750 
6 
91 
497 
648 
702 
7 
96 
500 
669 
714 
8 
101 
503 
689 
726 
9 
94 
493 
659 
687 
10 
95 
490 
665 
672 
11 
101 
493 
687 
685 
12 
106 
496 
707 
696 
13 
2741 
559 
11232 
957 
14 
2739 
1144 
11222 
3297 
15 
3058 
1764 
12496 
5775 
16 
1333 
1777 
5610 
5827 
17 
1216 
1223 
5143 
3609 
18 
1361 
572 
5723 
1008 
19 
1475 
459 
6177 
557 
20 
1717 
819 
7147 
2001 
21 
1653 
841 
6890 
2088 
22 
584 
876 
2620 
2222 
23 
345 
542 
1666 
886 
24 
511 
611 
2326 
1165 
25 
245 
1675 
1268 
5418 
26 
1737 
829 
7223 
2038 
Table 3. Tie points-comers 
No 
DX (m) 
DY (m) 
DH (m) 
Lon (°) 
Lain 
Him) 
1 
3.157211 
-1.68973 
0.06444 
66.4959 
45.83984 
24.09085 
2 
1.352673 
-0.88937 
0.000296 
66.4183 
45.84181 
27.84864 
3 
3.664158 
-0.68486 
0.017797 
66.4456 
45.843 
20.03715 
4 
1.882949 
-1.4791 
0.037997 
66.5038 
45.84216 
12.2303 
5 
0.039802 
-1.51105 
0.030776 
66.5036 
45.84209 
12.48363 
6 
0.988712 
-1.49266 
0.033232 
66.5038 
45.84237 
11.75094 
7 
0.055462 
-1.5103 
0.030277 
66.5037 
45.8423 
11.97583 
8 
0.025926 
-1.51496 
0.030861 
66.5035 
45.84223 
12.20417 
9 
1.872339 
-0.84551 
0.024067 
66.5037 
45.84246 
11.59745 
10 
0.059923 
-2.78959 
0.054857 
66.5037 
45.84253 
11.44503 
11 
1.831069 
-2.13063 
0.049999 
66.5035 
45.84246 
11.67846 
12 
1.802299 
-2.77379 
0.064161 
66.5033 
45.8424 
11.89476 
13 
-0.51089 
0.355297 
-0.00015 
-66.418 
45.84206 
27.72339 
14 
1.704103 
0.580584 
0.022966 
66.4181 
45.82856 
36.06273 
15 
2.117588 
-0.96821 
-0.02543 
66.4079 
45.8144 
44.94774 
16 
-0.45124 
0.692367 
-0.00058 
66.4636 
45.81338 
29.72338 
17 
-0.97027 
-0.52193 
0.000366 
66.4674 
45.82612 
30.05428 
18 
-2.15507 
1.047117 
-0.02056 
66.4626 
45.84118 
23.75091 
19 
-1.08379 
1.560839 
-0.02144 
66.4589 
45.84383 
17.14702 
20 
-4.14304 
3.968857 
-0.01573 
66.4511 
45.83562 
28.88742 
21 
-2.85159 
3.413518 
-0.00841 
66.4532 
45.83509 
29.43913 
22 
-1.86822 
0.62376 
0.002599 
66.4878 
45.83386 
31.47108 
23 
-2.35431 
0.759314 
-0.03393 
66.4956 
45.84144 
18.58358 
24 
0.271979 
2.556313 
-0.06755 
66.4902 
45.83992 
24.92088 
25 
-3.12393 
1.122967 
-0.01353 
66.4989 
45.81525 
11.95424 
26 
-0.66228 
2.074817 
-0.01025 
66.4505 
45.83541 
28.93069 
Mean error=2.395555 m