1SPRS Workshop on Service and Application of Spatial Data Infrastructure, XXXVI(4/W6), Oct. 14-16, Hangzhou, China
171
FOUNDATION FRAMEWORK FOR CITY UNDERGROUND SPATIAL DATA
Lei Xu\ Lixin Wu a,b , Defu Che a , Yun Jiang 3
Institute of RS/GPS/GIS & Subsidence Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083;
Center for RS/GPS/GIS & Digital Mine Research, Northeast University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110004
KEY WORDS: Underground Spatial Data, Foundation Framework, Dynamical Three Dimensions, Digital City
ABSTRACT:
The foundation framework for underground spatial data aims to establish the platform for the underground spatial data sharing and
integrating. The reasons lie in that: a) the long-term development of city construction has accumulated abundant underground spatial
data and information; b) the development and utilization of city underground space demands for clear, detailed and visualized
comprehensive city underground information. Based on the analysis of the characteristics, the foundation framework for city
underground spatial data can be established by taking the regional geology data as its background, bedrock borehole as its skeleton,
Quaternary borehole as its brace, engineering borehole as its contents and other data captured as its complementarities. Some key
issues, such as multi-scale, multi-semantic, data dynamic updating must be solved. The foundation framework for urban underground
spatial data offers not only uniform spatial coordinate and semantic system, but also the platform for comprehensive displaying and
analysing the spatial data to support the mineral resources exploitation, geological disaster precaution and the urban underground
space exploitation, plan, development and utilization.
1. INTRODUCTION
Digital Earth, Digital City and Digital Ming (Wu etc., 2000)
demand for three-dimensional geo-scientific spatial data
integration and integral visualization. For the difficulty and high
cost to capture the underground spatial data, it is necessary to
integrate all the underground data to comprehensively analysis
and describe the characteristic and relationship of the
underground spatial objects. Many times the need for data
integration is so demanding that it does not matter if some
details are lost, as long as integration achieved (Frederico T.,
2001 , 2000), because “we have a lot of data but we are
information poor (Nghi, 2001)”. The spatial data integration
needs the foundation framework containing variety kinds data
(NSFC, 2001). The general three spatial data framework is the
basic for the underground spatial visualization (Simon, 1994).
However, the researches on general spatial data foundation
framework usually pay attention to the geographical spatial data
foundation framework. It aims to set up a uniform space-time
positioning criteria with the characters of three dimension,
dynamic, practical and high precision, so as to achieve the
seamless integration for the multi-source data (Chen, 2002).
The research on the foundation framework for city underground
spatial data was neglected. This paper discusses the necessity to
establish foundation framework for city underground spatial
data as well as its characteristics, main contents and key issues.
Besides, the application and value of the foundation framework
are discussed.
2. NECESSITY OF THE FOUNDATION FRAMEWORK
FOR CITY UNDERGROUND SPATIAL DATA
The spatial data framework from global, national to the regional
scale, prefers to the foundational geographical spatial data. The
foundational framework data mainly includes the contents, such
as topography, geographical name, administration bourn, road
traffic, water system, land cover, cadastre, habitat and remote
sensing image et al.. It contains the two or three dimension
geometry, attribute and correlativity information on the nature,
economy, human culture and environment. The foundation
framework can help the people to integrate, to retrieve and to
show the interested information on nature, economy, human
culture and environment according to the geographical
coordinate and spatial location, and to analyze and to simulate
the spatial distribution features, operational conditions and
changing tendency (Chen, 2002; Chen, 2001; Chen, 1999).
For the spatial data foundation framework to have general sense,
it should include the underground spatial data. According to
spatial cognition, each data belongs to certain spatial level,
namely over-ground, surface and underground. The traditional
foundation framework only includes the data of two spatial
level, over-ground and surface. The underground data are
missed or neglected. But actually, the three spatial levels are
spatially correlated and interacted. If any level of spatial data is
missed, the geographical spatial data framework must be
imperfect.
The reason for the establishment of foundation framework for
the underground spatial data includes:
Firstly, the city has accumulated abundant data and information,
which provides for the data basic for the framework. Limited to
many factors, such as data capturing method, cost and technique,
the collection of the underground spatial data is much more
difficult. The size of data set is the key to establish the
foundation framework of underground spatial data. The data
and information include city geology, underground engineering,
civil defense engineering etc..
Secondly, the exploitation and development of the city
underground space and the precaution of the city geological
disaster are the motivation to establish the framework. Because
of the complexity of the spatial geometry shape and the
relationship between the underground spatial objects, it is
difficult for the data captured by the single method to reflect