Full text: Proceedings of the Symposium on Global and Environmental Monitoring (Part 1)

as a typical task for him/her, have been 
registered. 
(v) The system gives for each sequence an 
attribute to which the user assigns a call name. 
In the current implementation different areas of 
the screen for each session are assigned 
different colours. 
(vi) At the beginning of the each session the 
user is requested to choose the working mode, 
automatic or manual. In the case of automatic 
mode, the user requests the sequence of queries 
by call name and from then on, the system 
performs the appropiate sequence of queries 
based on data selected for the task. 
The procedure is a realisation of well 
known techniques developed in cybernetics and 
artifical intelligence for self teaching systems. 
(Wiener 1948, Simons 1984). 
The experiments have shown that the 
procedure can be a useful tool for improving the 
effectiveness and convenience of a user of a GIS 
user. 
4. CONCLUSION. 
Development of GIS software packages is 
aimed mostly at satisfying user needs in 
delivering a final product, of defined form, of 
information extracted from database. It is 
achieved through improving the database 
structure (storage of information) and through 
the development of tools for extracting 
information from the database, which should be 
optimal in the sense of minimum time needed 
for the extraction of the information. 
Another approach to improving the 
characteristics of GIS software should involve 
endeavours to make it more effective, simple 
and convenient for the user. Three procedures 
have been presented for an experimental GIS 
software to add a measure of intelligence, which 
will: 
* recognize an operator, observe his/her 
habits in making errors and some 
characteristics of tasks he/she has performed, 
and then correct the errors, 
* draw conclusions on appropriate help for 
tasks performed by an operator, 
* perform typical tasks by a particular 
user. 
The use of the software with these features 
is more effective and convenient. The ideas 
which are the basis of the procedures (observing 
the software environment) can be utilized in 
numerous applications both in GIS software 
packages as well as other types of software. For 
example, it can be used to develop tools for 
recognizing typical sets of information 
extracted from the database by each user. This 
would reduce the time needed for searching for 
information in the database. 
5. REFERENCES. 
ABEL, D. J., 1989, SIRO-DBMS: a Database 
Tool-kit for Geographical Information Systems. 
Int. J. Geographical Information Systems, 2, pp. 
103-116. 
DIRECTOR, S. W.,1971, Intoduction to the 
Systems Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York, 
1971. 
ISO, 1987, Information Processing Systems - 
Database Language SQL. ISO Standard 9075. 
ORACLE CORPORATION, 1987, SQL*Loader 
User’s Guide (Belmont, California : Oracle 
Corporation). 
ORACLE CORPORATION, 1987, SQL*Plus 
User's Guide (Belmont, California: Oracle 
Corporation). 
ORACLE CORPORATION, 1987, Pro*C User’s 
Guide (Belmont, California: Oracle 
Corporation). 
ORACLE CORPORATION, 1987, Pro*C User's 
Guide (Belmont, California: Oracle 
Corporation). 
PONG-CHAI GOH, P. C., 1989, A Graphic Query 
Language for Cartographic and Land 
Information Systems. Int. J. Geographical 
Information System, 6, pp. 245-255. 
SHANNON, C. E., 1949, The Mathematical 
Theory of Communication. Urbana, University 
of Illinois Press. 
SIMONS, G. L., 1984, Introducing Artificial 
Intelligence. National Computing Centre, 
Manchester, England. 
STEINER, D. R., EGENHOFER, M. J., 
FRANK, A. U., 1989, An Object-oriented 
Approach to Cartographic Output. Int. 
Cartographic Association, 14th World 
Conference, 17-24 August 1989, Budapest, 
Hungary. 
WIENER, N., 1948, Cybernetics: or Control and 
Communication in the Animal and Machine. 
M.I.T. Mass. Cambridge.
	        
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