747 
The comparison of S02,N0x and TSP,the rule of ISP's 
daily-changing is easier to be disturbed, and S02's 
daily changing is the most stable one ( see Pig.6 ). 
NOx's daily changing is the same as the traffic. 
The feature of air pollution 
1) .In the pollution of coal and smoke which is 
decided by our country's energy source construc 
tion, the dusty and S02 pollution are both in 
high-level. China has five cities joined WHO's 
air monitoring network, among them Beijing, 
Shenyang and Xian were considered to be the most 
serious polluted ones on the world.In fact these 
three cities' level are equal to the middle of 
the northern cities in our country. 
2) .The emissions concentrate on cities. The air 
pollution has a clear region. The 45% emissions 
in the whole country concentrate on cities which 
are 7.5% of the whole country's area.Some dense 
ly populated cities, annual amounts of coal con 
sumption to 10,000 T/km2 (6.W.ZHOU, et a 1,1987). 
Northern cities's pollution are more serious 
than southern cities. The east areas where indu 
stries are flourishing are more serious than 
west areas. The southwest area where use high- 
suiper's coal, the S02 pollution is abnormal 
serious. The urban air pollution is obviously 
more serious than in rural areas. 
3) .The unreasonable ways to burn coal, the dis 
organized and low altitude emissions are the 
main reasons of surface air pollution.The cities 
dwellers' life burning coal.especially the warm 
ing to burn coal in winter constitute a large 
number and widely area source. 
4) .The traffic pollution which made by automobile 
emissions are becoming serious day by day. In 
the early years of 1980s, although NOx emissions 
are only one-tenth of American's, the year 
average polluted level is the same as American 
NOx in the corresponding period. In the late 
years of 1980s, with a few high developed 
transportation cities, its NOx level surpass the 
nation second standard. 
2.3. The tendency of air quality in 1980s 
In the period from 1980-1989, becouse the leading 
bodies of all levels take it serious and environ 
mental departments of all levels work hard, the 
worsening tendency of air quality was controled 
effectively (Z.Y.WU, 1989). Take S02 as an example, 
compare with the early three years, the last three 
years dropped about 9 %, but it rised about 3 % 
compared with the middle of 1980s. Totally the S02 
polluted tendency was provented. But with one in 
the developing of energy source and economy, S02 
emissions reached to a new level in the last years 
of 1980s, the pollution of S02 was picking up, so 
was NOx. The average level of the first two years 
in 1980s was a little bit lower than it of the 
last five years of 1980s, but compared with the 
mean of 1982-1984 rose about 9%. It shows that the 
tendency is picking up. 
TSP and Dust show the tendency of going down. 
Compared with in 1980, they were dropped 45-55% on 
annual mean in 1989. It drops by a big margin. 
'ESP in the early three years of 1980s dropped 
about 30 % compared with the last three years in 
1980s, and Dust dropped about 40% . The decrease 
dusty pollution has a direct relationship with the 
rate of eliminating smoke and dust, the rising of 
boiler improving ratio, and the dropping in Dust 
emissions. 
If we use a synthetic index of air pollution to 
weigh the change of air quality in 1980s, we can 
find that it dropped 15-25 % in the last years of 
1980s compared with it in the early years ( Shown 
in Fig.7 ). It reflected the common going down 
tendency of China's urban air pollution in 1980s. 
Fig.7. The tendency of synthetic index 
in China, 1980s. 
3. THE STATUS QUO .AND THE TENDENCY 
OF AIR POLLUTED EMISSIONS 
3.1 The Status Quo Of Air Polluted Emissions 
In 1980s, there are 90% S02 of the total amounts of 
the whole country to emitted the atmosphere were 
the result of burning coal, and there are 70% smoke 
and dust which emitted to the atmosphere came from 
burning coal. To analyse the energy constitution 
the burning coal is 75% and the coal for civil use 
are more than 90% . Becouse we have a low ability 
on washing coal, most parts of smoke and sulphur 
emit to the atmosphere directly during the burning 
process. At the same time we are short of model- 
coal amounts. And the energy using method fell 
behind, the burning equipments are less than 4 tons 
that is about 70% . The thermal efficiency isn't 
high and there isn't any desulfurization facilities. 
On one hand the utilization ratio of energy is very 
low. on the other hand theconsumption of energy is 
high. In the urban areas, hundreds of million of 
stoves for civil with the method of low altitude to 
emit made the surface air pollution more serious. 
According to some concerned investigation stati 
stics, low altitude emitted in Beijing is about 30% 
(lower than 10 meters);and Tianjing's statistics in 
1980,the coal consumptions which emitted from lower 
than 25 meters is about 53% . During the heating 
period ( in the winter ), wherever surface source 
emitted is formed with a lot of emissions in cities 
— this is the outstanting feature of China air 
pollution in winter. 
Fig.8 is the changing situation of S02 emissions in 
China from 1981 to 1988. the last years of 1980s 
appeared the rising tendency, S02 emissions had the 
most, obyiously range in the whole country. Compare 
1988 with 1987 the main cities didn t change 
obviously. This reflected the swift and violent 
developing tendency enterprises in the countryside. 
Since 1984, the emissions different between the